121).
根据Simms，Price和Ervin的观点，组织理论家的主要目的是“振兴组织理论，发展更好的组织生活概念”。
Jablin and Putnam admit that “an organisational theorist should carefully consider levels assumptions being made in theory, and is concerned to help managers and administrators.” (Jablin and Putnam (2000) page 146).
Jablin和Putnam承认，“组织理论家应该仔细考虑理论上做出的水平假设，并关心帮助管理者和行政人员。”
The main approaches to the study of organisational behaviour 研究组织行为的主要方法
There are two basic approaches:有两种基本方法
Trial and error method, based on the accumulation of life experiences to find effective behaviours.试错法，在积累生活经验的基础上找到有效的行为。
Using special techniques and methods of related disciplines. This approach involves the mastery of theoretical knowledge and practical skills.使用相关专业的特殊技术和方法。这种方法需要掌握理论知识和实践技能。
It is important for a manager to combine both approaches. There are the following techniques in the study of organisational behaviour: surveys, including interviews, questionnaires, testing. Collection and analysis of information (based on the study of documents). Observation and experiment.
对于管理者来说，将这两种方法结合起来是很重要的。在组织行为研究中有以下技巧：调查，包括访谈、问卷调查和测试。收集和分析信息（基于对文件的研究）。观察和实验。
Characteristics of organisational behaviour 组织行为特征
Organisational behaviour manifests itself in the following forms, aspects, events: the installation, values, preferences, inclinations of individuals, formed in the mind; behaviour of individuals with regard to physical objects in case of unexpected information and social contacts, behaviour groups, teams and other groups, characterised by communicating face to face; conduct organisational units such as divisions, departments, companies or large concerns; the behaviour of an interconnected group of organisations; conduct the internal and external environment company, such as the evolution of technology, markets, competition, government regulation, etc.
组织行为表现为以下形式、方面和事件：个人的装置、价值观、偏好和倾向，形成于头脑中；在意外信息和社会接触的情况下，个人对实物的行为，行为群体、团队和其他群体，以面对面交流为特征；管理组织单位，如部门、部门、公司或大型企业；相互关联的组织群体的行为；对公司内部和外部环境进行治理，如技术、市场、竞争、政府监管等的演变。
Types of theories of organisational behaviour 组织行为理论的类型
The types of theories of organisational behaviour can be divided into two criteria. The first criterion is the existent foundations for an explanation. The main goals of theories are to explain the causes of events, forms and development, they can be distinguished according to the type of reasons that they offer. According to the first criterion, the first class of theories in the field of organisational behaviour consists of pragmatic theories. They explain the organisational life in the view of events, forms and changes. This is a case of “what the organisation is” explained by its ability to meet the requirements or the use of internal and external environment. Each time when “what the organisation is” explained by the adequacy of its objectives, context and external environment and strategy, and through the adequacy of its profitability, productivity and efficiency of such a context and external environment – it is a pragmatic theory.
组织行为理论的类型可以分为两个标准。第一个标准是解释的现有基础。理论的主要目标是解释事件的原因、形式和发展，它们可以根据它们提供的原因类型来区分。根据第一个标准，组织行为领域的第一类理论由语用理论组成。它们从事件、形式和变化的角度来解释组织生活。这是一个“组织是什么”的例子，通过其满足要求或使用内部和外部环境的能力来解释。每当“组织是什么”通过其目标、背景、外部环境和战略的充分性，以及通过其盈利能力、生产力和这种背景和外部环境的效率的充分性来解释时，这都是一种务实的理论。
Such a theory is always based on the type of behaviour that is rational (in the conscious evolution of the different outcomes and courses of action) or by the trial and error method aimed at maximizing the satisfaction or pragmatic aspirations and ambitions. However, the form utility can change. This contradiction draws attention to the firm’s behavioural theory, which is one of the cornerstones of organisational behaviour.
这种理论总是基于理性的行为类型（在不同结果和行动过程的有意识演变中），或者基于旨在最大限度地提高满足感或务实愿望和抱负的试错方法。但是，表单实用程序可以更改。这种矛盾引起了人们对公司行为理论的关注，该理论是组织行为的基石之一。
The second class of theories is the institutional theory. Institutions are relatively stable, and typed examples or models in the social structure of society or in networks of social interaction. In the institutional theories, usefulness of
