dicates actions that should be taken by an organization in order to achieve a specific goal. There are some certain steps that should be applied in a chronological order. These steps are as following: value assessment, vision and mission formulation, strategy design, performance audit analysis, gap analysis, action plan development, contingency planning, and implementation. Using these steps in the chronological order shall help an organization in achieving their goals.
战略制定是指一个组织为实现特定目标而应采取的行动。有一些特定的步骤应该按时间顺序应用。这些步骤如下：价值评估、愿景和任务制定、战略设计、绩效审计分析、差距分析、行动计划制定、应急规划和实施。按时间顺序使用这些步骤将有助于组织实现其目标。
3.1 business level strategy 业务层面战略
Business level strategy concentrates on the position of the firm in the market in compare to its competitors. It also explains the steps and actions taken by the firm in order to value their customers in order to gain a competitive advantage by utilizing essential efficiencies they have in specific products or services markets. There are four main important strategies that are used by organizations in order to gain competitive advantage over competitors. The four generic strategies are as follows: cost leadership, differentiation, focused low cost, focused differentiation. Business strategy level gives a great opportunity for an organization to gain a competitive advantage on its competitors if applied correctly.
业务层面的战略集中于公司与竞争对手相比在市场上的地位。它还解释了公司为评估客户价值而采取的步骤和行动，以便通过利用他们在特定产品或服务市场中的基本效率获得竞争优势。为了获得竞争对手的竞争优势，组织使用了四种主要的重要策略。四种通用策略如下：成本领先、差异化、专注低成本、专注差异化。如果应用得当，业务战略级别为组织提供了一个很好的机会，使其在竞争对手面前获得竞争优势。
3.1.1 Generic competitive strategy 通用竞争战略
In the year 1980 Michael porter developed three generic strategies that are used by an organization in order to gain competitive advantage. These three generic strategies are: cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.
1980年，迈克尔·波特开发了三种通用策略，供组织使用，以获得竞争优势。这三种通用策略是：成本领先、差异化和专注。
3.1.2 Corporate strategy 企业战略
Corporate strategy is the actions a firm takes in order to achieve business success in the future. It also concentrates on the company adaptations and anticipations toward changes in the business environment. In order to apply corporate strategy it requires concentration on the firm’s activities and the nature of the business it is doing. As well as its position in the market and how wild the competition is with its competitors.
企业战略是企业为了在未来取得商业成功而采取的行动。它还关注公司对商业环境变化的适应和预期。为了实施公司战略，需要专注于公司的活动及其所做业务的性质。以及其在市场中的地位，以及与竞争对手的竞争是多么激烈。
3.1.3 Growth strategy 增长战略
Mostly organizations always have plans for expansion in their business in order to increase revenue. Although there are specific techniques a firm must use in order to apply their growth strategy. The technique an organization use in order to apply growth strategy mostly depends on their financial status, how strong is competition between their competitors, and the rules and regulations of the government in this country. The most common growth strategies are market expansion, market penetration, diversification and acquisition, and product expansion.
大多数组织都有扩张业务的计划，以增加收入。尽管公司必须使用一些特定的技术来实施其增长战略。一个组织为了实施增长战略而使用的技术主要取决于其财务状况、竞争对手之间的竞争程度以及该国政府的规章制度。最常见的增长策略是市场扩张、市场渗透、多样化和收购以及产品扩张。
3.2.2 Application to Company 公司的应用
Apple growth strategy depends on increasing its market demand on its products through product differentiation, through producing unique and attractive products to customers. The company was able to achieve success through this strategy by keeping its brand loyalty in its highest levels. Apple concentrates on certain level of customers. Customers who wish to pay more, so that they can receive high quality products.
苹果的增长战略取决于通过产品差异化，通过向客户生产独特和有吸引力的产品来增加其产品的市场需求。该公司能够通过这一战略取得成功，将其品牌忠诚度保持在最高水平。苹果专注于一定程度的客户。希望支付更多费用的客户，以便他们能够获得高质量的产品。
Through product differentiation apple was able to achieve success and become one of the leading organizations in the world’s market.
通过产品差异化，苹果得以取得成功，并成为世界市场领先的组织之一。
4.0 Strategy Implementation 战略实施
Strategy implementation is considered the toughest stage in the strategic management process. Strategy implement
