re specific resources that are capable to put a firm in position of competitive advantage. There are four components that an organization should have in order to achieve a competitive advantage. These four components form the VRN characteristics.
组织资源是允许并帮助公司应用和执行其活动的所有资源。一家公司拥有的所有资源都可能与战略无关。有特定的资源能够使公司处于竞争优势地位。为了获得竞争优势，一个组织应该具备四个组成部分。这四个组成部分构成了VRN特性。
2.5.2 Core Competencies (Prahald & Hamel) 核心能力
Core competencies are a group of supplementary information, abilities, attitudes, and resources in a firm which makes performing a critical process better than other process.
核心能力是一个公司的一组补充信息、能力、态度和资源，使关键过程的执行比其他过程更好。
2.5.3 Distinctive capabilities 独特的能力
According to john kay distinctive capabilities are a related aspect of organization resources. Organizations with distinctive capabilities have features which other cannot imitate.
根据约翰·凯的说法，与众不同的能力是组织资源的一个相关方面。具有独特能力的组织具有其他组织无法模仿的特点。
To achieve a competitive advantage a company must have three distinctive capabilities architecture, reputation, and innovation.
为了获得竞争优势，公司必须具备三种独特的能力——架构、声誉和创新。
2.5.4 Application to company 公司的应用
Apple main resources are its brand name and marketing strategies. Apple has a good reputation in the market, although their high quality products in the market results in having a big base of loyal customer. Apple software also is one of the most resources that the company has.
苹果的主要资源是其品牌和营销策略。苹果在市场上有着良好的声誉，尽管他们在市场上的高质量产品造就了大量忠实客户。苹果软件也是该公司拥有的最多资源之一。
In a nutshell apple as a company have both tangible and intangible resources, but the intangible resources is the main reason for the company success.
简而言之，苹果公司既有有形资源也有无形资源，但无形资源是公司成功的主要原因。
Apple Core Competencies analysis 苹果核心竞争力分析
Adapting a viral marketing strategy from social networking websites was a great step which achieved success in making apple closer to the consumers.
从社交网站改编病毒式营销策略是一个伟大的步骤，它成功地使苹果更接近消费者。
Customer loyalty is one of the most important competencies in Apple Company. The company was able to manage keeping their customers loyal to them by attracting them through creating such innovative products, so that customers will always wait for the new products.
客户忠诚度是苹果公司最重要的竞争力之一。该公司能够通过创造这样的创新产品来吸引客户，从而保持客户对他们的忠诚度，这样客户就会一直等待新产品。
What makes apple so special is their high ability in protecting their new product details, although there is no any information can be leaked about apple products before introducing them. This proves that apple employees are so loyal to their company by maintaining secrecy about any information regarding new products.
苹果之所以如此特别，是因为他们在保护新产品细节方面的高度能力，尽管在介绍苹果产品之前，没有任何关于苹果产品的信息可以泄露。这证明苹果员工对公司非常忠诚，他们对新产品的任何信息都保密。
2.6 Organizational performance 组织绩效
Organizational performance is tool used to analyze an organization’s performance compared to its goals and objectives. Organizational performance consists of three essential outcomes financial performance, market performance, and shareholder value performance.
组织绩效是用来分析组织绩效与其目标和目的的工具。组织绩效包括三个基本结果：财务绩效、市场绩效和股东价值绩效。
2.6.1 Measuring Coo-prate Performance 测量合作绩效
Measuring corporate performance tool is used to evaluate the accomplishments of settled goals in an organization. It also detects any failure in achieving a specific goal. This tool also predicts the future performance.
衡量企业绩效的工具用于评估组织中既定目标的实现情况。它还可以检测在实现特定目标方面的任何失败。该工具还可以预测未来的性能。
2.6.2 Meeting the Needs of Stakeholders 满足利益相关者的需求
Achieving success in applying a certain strategy is evaluated through the amount of satisfaction of stakeholders and whether there needs are met or not. To satisfy stakeholders there is a short term and long term success of any business.
通过利益相关者的满意度以及是否满足需求来评估应用某一战略的成功程度。为了让利益相关者满意，任何业务都有短期和长期的成功。
2.6.3 Application to company (appendix) 公司的应用
Throughout balance sheet a company can measure its coo-prate performance, so that they can get know whether they are gaining profit or not.
在整个资产负债表中，公司可以衡量其合作绩效，这样他们就可以知道自己是否在盈利。
3.0 strategy formulation 战略制定
Strategy formulation is the course of action that in
