, who were opposed to any more reformist ideas continued in their attacks. These too were thwarted and Cranmer continued with his Reformation agenda which culminated in “The Book of Common Prayer” which effectively changed the liturgy of the church eliminating much of the Catholic form and doctrine. This was one of the most significant changes in the early Reformation period in England. The Book of Common Prayer, for the first time, “gave the English people a liturgy in their own language”. Cranmer continued to serve, even beyond the death of Henry in 1547 and through the rise of Edward VI. Since Edward ascended the throne at such an early age, the door was open for Cranmer to continue making reforms and this he did with diligence. Advances were made for several years and this continued until the death of Edward. It was Edward’s desire to put his cousin, Lady Jane Grey, on the throne to succeed him and she, being a protestant, was supported by Cranmer. However, after the death of Edward, support for Jane fell in the council and, in her stead, the staunchly Catholic Mary was put on the throne.
克兰默受到了保守派的抨击，他们指责他犯有几项罪行。尽管克兰默在国王的支持下逃脱了他们的阴谋，但这些反对任何改革派思想的人仍在继续攻击。这些也被挫败了，克兰默继续他的宗教改革议程，最终形成了《共同祈祷书》，有效地改变了教堂的礼拜仪式，消除了大部分天主教形式和教义。这是英国宗教改革初期最重大的变化之一。《共同祈祷书》首次“用自己的语言为英国人民提供了一个礼拜仪式”。克兰默继续任职，甚至在1547年亨利去世后，以及爱德华六世的崛起期间。由于爱德华在这么小的时候就登上了王位，克兰默继续进行改革的大门是敞开的，他尽职尽责地做到了这一点。进步持续了好几年，一直持续到爱德华去世。爱德华想让他的堂妹简·格雷夫人登上王位继承他的王位，而她作为一名新教教徒，得到了克兰默的支持。然而，爱德华去世后，议会中对简的支持率下降，坚定的天主教玛丽取而代之。
In Queen Mary’s reign, and earnest attempt was made to restore Catholicism and most of the reformist bishops were replaced by conservatives. Cranmer’s continued support of reformed doctrine led to his arrest and charged with sedition and treason. Cranmer succumbed to pressure and recanted the doctrine of the reformation and instead espoused the doctrines of the catholic faith. However, when he looked to have his sentence commuted, Mary did not stay the execution. In the end, Cranmer renounced the fact that he recanted from the Reformist doctrine and determined to die a martyr of the Protestant faith. In his final statement, he determined to thrust his own had first into the fire, which signed the recantation, and this promise he kept, when he was burned at the stake in 1556. However, as was true of the blood of the martyrs who died in faith in the past generations, the death of this man also played a role in steeling the courage of those that would follow.
在玛丽女王统治期间，人们认真尝试恢复天主教，大多数改革派主教被保守派取代。克兰默对改革教义的持续支持导致他被捕，并被控煽动叛乱和叛国罪。克兰默屈服于压力，放弃了宗教改革的教义，转而信奉天主教的教义。然而，当他希望减刑时，玛丽并没有坚持执行死刑。最后，克兰默放弃了他放弃改革派教义的事实，并决心以新教信仰的殉道者的身份死去。在他的最后声明中，他决定先把自己的尸体扔进火里，这签署了1556年他被烧死在火刑柱上时的放弃声明和他信守的承诺。然而，正如过去几代人中信仰而死的烈士的鲜血一样，这个人的死也起到了锻炼后代勇气的作用。
Observations and Conclusion 观察结果和结论
Try as she may, Mary could never undo the seeds of reformation that had earlier been planted and these efforts proved to be short lived because she died in 1558. Mary was succeeded by Elizabeth who would enjoy one of the longest sovereign reins up until that time. Elizabeth was a staunch Protestant. Gonzalez states, “If the head of the church in England was the pope, and not the king, it followed that the marriage of Henry VII with Catherine of Aragon was valid, and that Elizabeth, born from Anne Boleyn while Catherine still lived, was illegitimate”. While Elizabeth was not a protestant extremist in practice, it was certain that she felt that Henry was justified in proclaiming himself head of the Church of England.
尽管玛丽尽了最大努力，但她永远无法消除早些时候播下的改革种子，这些努力被证明是短暂的，因为她于1558年去世。玛丽的王位由伊丽莎白继承，伊丽莎白将是迄今为止在位时间最长的君主之一。伊丽莎白是一个坚定的新教徒。冈萨雷斯指出，“如果英国的教会领袖是教皇，而不是国王，那么亨利七世与阿拉贡的凯瑟琳的婚姻是有效的，伊丽莎白在凯瑟琳还活着的时候从安妮·博林出生，是非法的”。虽然伊丽莎白实际上并不是一个新教极端分子，但可以肯定的是，她认为亨利宣布自己为英国国教领袖是有道理的。
Elizabeth did not stamp out the practice of Catholicism in the realm, but only suppressed it. However, some Catholics sought to make Mary Stewart, who was in exile, the next sovereign and according to them, rightful heir to the throne. A series of plots to undermine Elizabeth were thwarted and subseq
