the ear of the royal prince who succeeded his father. In fact, Henry the VIII made Wolsey part of his “privy council”, and eventually “Lord Chancellor” In 1515. Wolsey continued to grow in stature and cultivated favorable relationships with those who could profitably help his causes. Those that did not, were equally disregarded. Wolsey was rewarded for his service to the crown and was made Bishop of Lincoln and Archbishop of York. Wolsey was not only faithful in his service to the crown, but he also held favor with Pope Leo X, who made him a Cardinal in 1515 and later, a Papal Legate in. Wolsey became one of the most powerful servants to the Crown in English history. However, this divided allegiance came to a crossroad when the issue of Henry’s annulment to Catharine of Aragon came to a head. Although Wolsey appealed to the Pope more than once to disregard the Papal “dispensation” that allowed the marriage in the first place, the Pope disregarded these attempts and as “Papal Legate” Wolsey found himself in conflict with Henry, who began to question his allegiance. By 1528, there was little more Wolsey could do and by 1529, he was arrested and accused of treason. Ordered to London to stand trial, he died en-route in 1530. To Wolsey’s credit, he did promote the education of the clergy, seeing he himself had benefited from this. Taunton states, “There are two ways of bringing about a reform; and they can be summed up in the two words, “don’t” and “do”. It is easy enough to issue prohibitory laws, and it is just as easy to evade them. This Wolsey understood; and the absence of such decrees in all his educational work is noteworthy. He built upon the more reasonable and therefore more lasting foundation of teaching men to know, and then desire to work. Ignorance, he knew, was the root of most of the mischief of the day: so by education he endeavored to give men the means to know better”. In this way, Wolsey, with his influence in the rise of a number of the universities, contributed to education reform as well.
托马斯·沃尔西曾担任亨利八世的首席顾问，被称为“大法官”。他出生在简陋的环境中，但接受了良好的教育，然后于1498年被任命为牧师。通过一系列的进步，他被任命为亨利七世的皇家牧师，可以清楚地看出，他自然会得到继承他父亲的皇家王子的耳朵。事实上，1515年，亨利八世任命沃尔西为“枢密院”的一员，并最终成为“大法官”。沃尔西的地位不断提高，并与那些能够为他的事业提供帮助的人建立了良好的关系。那些没有这样做的人同样被忽视了。沃尔西因其对王室的贡献而受到奖励，并被任命为林肯主教和约克大主教。沃尔西不仅忠于王室，而且还得到了教皇利奥十世的青睐，利奥十世于1515年任命他为红衣主教，后来又于年任命为教皇公使。沃尔西成为英国历史上最有权势的王室仆人之一。然而，当亨利被阿拉贡的凯瑟琳废黜的问题达到顶点时，这种分裂的忠诚达到了十字路口。尽管沃尔西不止一次呼吁教皇无视最初允许结婚的教皇“豁免”，但教皇无视这些尝试，作为“教皇公使”，沃尔西发现自己与亨利发生了冲突，亨利开始质疑他的忠诚。到1528年，沃尔西几乎无能为力，到1529年，他被捕并被指控叛国。他奉命前往伦敦接受审判，1530年在途中去世。值得称赞的是，他确实促进了神职人员的教育，因为他自己也从中受益。汤顿指出，“有两种方式可以实现改革；它们可以概括为两个词，“不要”和“做”。颁布禁止性法律很容易，规避这些法律也同样容易。沃尔西明白了这一点；值得注意的是，在他所有的教育工作中都没有这样的法令。他建立在更合理、因此更持久的基础上，教导人们了解并渴望工作。他知道，无知是当今大多数恶作剧的根源：因此，通过教育，他努力让人们了解得更好”。通过这种方式，沃尔西凭借其在许多大学崛起中的影响力，也为教育改革做出了贡献。
Thomas More (1478-1535) 托马斯·莫尔（1478-1535）
The role of Thomas More in this period and the influence he wielded proved a bit more complex. More, like Wolsey, rose through the ranks of faithful service also becoming a member of Henrys “privy counsel” in 1517, was knighted in 1521 and became the King’s personal secretary and advisor but later, served as a liaison between Wolsey and King Henry VIII. It can clearly be seen that his sphere of influence, though not as extensive as Wolsey’s, was however rather intimate with regard to his relationship to the king. After Wolsey was deposed in 1529, More was appointed “Lord Chancellor” in his place.
托马斯·莫尔在这一时期的角色和他所发挥的影响力被证明有点复杂。像沃尔西一样，更多的人在忠诚的服务中晋升，1517年成为亨利的“私人顾问”，1521年被封为爵士，成为国王的私人秘书和顾问，但后来成为沃尔西和国王亨利八世之间的联络人。可以清楚地看出，他的势力范围虽然没有沃尔西那么广泛，但在他与国王的关系方面却相当亲密。1529年沃尔西被废黜后，莫尔被任命为“大法官”。
Despite More’s close relationship with Henry, a series of religious reforms enacted by the latter, caused the Chancellor to elevate his opinions in favor of the Church at Rome and therefor against the King. One of the telling events was the refusal of More to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn, but of greater importance still, was his disagreement with the King order to forbid the payment of An
