Assignment格式-项目发展历史。本文是一篇留学生Assignment写作范文，主要内容是讲述项目是创造独特产品、服务或结果的临时努力。项目的临时性质决定了项目的开始和结束。项目管理是将知识、技能、工具和技术应用于项目活动以满足项目要求。项目通过适当的应用和不同过程组的集成来完成。一篇优秀的留学Assignment，不仅需要规范的有逻辑、有层次感的架构，还需要表达技巧。以下就是这篇Assignment写作范文的全部内容，供参考。
A project fills an essential need in society. Indeed, projects are the major mode in which change is accomplished. It is the mode in which corporate strategy is implemented, business change is addressed, productive teams and their necessary competencies are dealt with, quality of deliverables, and tracking pre-established metrics for management’s decision making, as well as closing out a project and creating lessons learned are performed.
项目满足了社会的基本需求。事实上，项目是实现变革的主要模式。这是一种实施公司战略、解决业务变化、处理生产团队及其必要能力、可交付成果质量、跟踪管理层决策的预先确定的指标以及结束项目和总结经验教训的模式。
Historical Developments on project management 项目管理的历史发展
Pre – 1950 Era 1950年代之前
The project management is now in its modern form. There has been some form of projects since early civilization. The hard system approach which treated the project as mechanical activity has shown to be flawed. Earlier endeavors were seen as acts of worship, engineering or nation building. And the people controlling the Endeavour saw themselves as members of groups focused on specific calling such as generals, priests and architects. Examples of such endeavors are the Great Pyramids and the construction of the Great Wall of China. Small and large scale projects were undertaken before the 1950. Near the turn of 20th century Fredrick Taylor known as the Father of Scientific Management began his detailed studies in 1856-1915. He applied scientific reasoning to work by showing that labor can be analyzed and improved by focusing on its elementary parts. Another one of the forefathers of project management was Henry Gantt who is best known for creating his self named scheduling diagram, the Gantt chart. It was a unique idea and innovation at that time. One of its first applications was on the Hoover Dam project which started in 1931. Gantt diagrams are today an important toolkit for the project managers.
项目管理现在处于现代形式。自早期文明以来就有一些形式的项目。将项目视为机械活动的硬系统方法已经证明是有缺陷的。早期的努力被视为崇拜、工程或国家建设的行为。控制奋进号的人将自己视为专注于特定使命的团体的成员，如将军、牧师和建筑师。这些努力的例子有中国的大金字塔和长城建设。1950年以前进行了小型和大型项目。在20世纪之交，被称为科学管理之父的弗雷德里克·泰勒于1856-1915年开始了他的详细研究。他将科学推理应用到工作中，表明劳动可以通过关注其基本部分来分析和改进。项目管理的另一位前辈是亨利·甘特，他最著名的是创建了自己命名的进度图甘特图。这在当时是一个独特的想法和创新。其最早的应用之一是1931年开始的胡佛大坝项目。甘特图现在是项目经理的重要工具。
1950s Era 1950年代
The nature of project management was evolved during the 1950s. Formal tools and techniques were developed to help managers’ manage large and complex projects that were uncertain and risky. Early practitioners of project mangers and the associated specialties of planning, scheduling, cost estimating, cost and schedule control formed during the AACE in 1956. In 1957, the chemical manufacturer developed the Critical Path Analysis (CPM) method for predicting, scheduling, and sequencing of activities in logical order. Furthermore, DuPont designed it to address the complex process of shutting down chemical plants for maintenance and then with maintenance completed restarting them. In 1958 the United States Departments US navy special projects developed PERT as a part of planning Ballistic missile development. PERT is a method used for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a project and especially the time needed to complete each task and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project. The United States department of defense created the Work Break down Structure Concept as a part of the Polaris mobile submarine launched ballistic missile project. The work breakdown struct
