s including communications, general management and corporate governance and arguably everything could be a project. One dimension of the challenges faced by the profession of project management is defined by its success. Almost every organization wants to be seen to be ‘doing projects’. Projects are viewed as an important part of their endeavors to remain competitive in rapidly changing world.
“现代项目管理”专业在成立50周年之际，面临着许多挑战和机遇。我们技术的边界正在融入一系列其他学科，包括通信、一般管理和公司治理，可以说，一切都可能是一个项目。项目管理专业面临的挑战的一个方面是其成功。几乎每个组织都希望被视为“正在做项目”。项目被视为他们在快速变化的世界中保持竞争力努力的重要组成部分。
Project management is now an advanced and specialized branch of management. At this stage, project management emphasizes on the strategic role of projects, especially those processes that the project manager must put in place to deliver the end objective of the project and satisfy the needs of all the project’s customers. In this new approach, project managers become project integrators, responsible for integrating the required resources, knowledge, and processes from the project’s beginning to end. In particular, the ready availability of technology (especially communications technology) has led to the emergence of virtual teams as a means of running projects.
项目管理现在是管理的一个高级和专业分支。在这个阶段，项目管理强调项目的战略作用，特别是项目经理为实现项目最终目标和满足所有项目客户的需求而必须实施的流程。在这种新方法中，项目经理成为项目集成商，负责从项目开始到结束整合所需的资源、知识和流程。特别是，技术（尤其是通信技术）的现成性导致了虚拟团队的出现，作为运行项目的一种手段。
Similarly, there has been considerable development of powerful project planning and software and the computer processing power to support it. Both of these have the potential to change the way that we work in projects.
同样，强大的项目规划和软件以及支持它的计算机处理能力也有了长足的发展。这两者都有可能改变我们在项目中的工作方式。
Furthermore role of project manager has significantly changed over the couple of decades. The project manager is the person assigned by the performing organization to achieve the project objectives. He is responsible for monitoring and coordinating activities throughout the organization. As in order to stay alive in the cut throat competition manager needs to be proactive and think strategically. It is the great responsibility of project managers to ensure quality of deliverables of the project. He must look and seek opportunities from the market demand. He must identify the weak links and identify all possible constraints that result in delay of project deliverables. Furthermore project managers must have area – specific skills and general management proficiencies that are required for the timely and quality deliverables of the project.
此外，项目经理的角色在几十年中发生了重大变化。项目经理是执行组织指派的实现项目目标的人员。他负责监督和协调整个组织的活动。为了在激烈的竞争中保持活力，经理需要积极主动并进行战略思考。确保项目可交付成果的质量是项目经理的重大责任。他必须从市场需求中寻找机会。他必须确定薄弱环节，并确定导致项目交付延迟的所有可能限制。此外，项目经理必须具备项目及时、高质量交付所需的特定领域技能和一般管理技能。
Future Challenges 未来的挑战
The future of project management is predicted to be one that focuses on the skills needed to motivate, direct and lead the people that make up the project team to achieve the project’s goal whilst realizing the fact that nothing is certain. The competent project manager will be expecting uncertainty and will ensure his project management systems to provide as much early warning as possible of impending changes so as to give maximum possible time to optimize results and achieve stated objectives. Tools such as the project schedule will need to be predictive and help in pro-active decision making rather than reactive. The key skill set of the competent project manager will be identifying and managing stakeholder expectations. The purpose of documents such as project schedules and cost plans will be redefined from ‘control documents’ to ‘communication documents’. The paradox is that by dropping the false expectation of control and certainty, the skilled project managers are likely to consistently deliver more predictable and reliable project outcomes. In summary, all the main issues faced by project managers are as follows:
预计项目管理的未来将侧重于激励、指导和领导组成项目团队的人员实现项目目标所需的技能，同时认识到没有什么是确定的。称职的项目经理将预期不确定性，并将确保其项目管理系统对即将发生的变化提供尽可能多的预警，以便尽可能多地优化结果并实现既定目标。项目进度表等工具需要具有预测性，有助于主动决
