ure remains one of the most effective project management tools. It helps in organizing and defining total scope of the project and as well as represent the work specified in current approved project scope statement.
项目管理的本质是在20世纪50年代发展起来的。开发了正式的工具和技术，以帮助管理者管理不确定和有风险的大型复杂项目。1956年AACE期间，项目经理和相关专业的早期从业人员在计划、进度、成本估算、成本和进度控制方面形成。1957年，该化学品制造商开发了关键路径分析方法，用于按逻辑顺序预测、调度和排序活动。此外，杜邦公司还设计了它，以解决关闭化工厂进行维护，然后在维护完成后重新启动化工厂的复杂过程。1958年，作为弹道导弹开发计划的一部分，美国各部美国海军特别项目开发了PERT。PERT是一种用于分析完成项目所涉及的任务，特别是完成每项任务所需的时间，以及确定完成整个项目所需的最短时间的方法。美国国防部创建了工作分解结构概念，作为北极星移动潜射弹道导弹项目的一部分。工作分解结构仍然是最有效的项目管理工具之一。它有助于组织和定义项目的总范围，并代表当前批准的项目范围声明中规定的工作。
In 1965 The International Project Management Association (IPMA) was founded. It was the world first project management Association. Its vision is to promote project management and lead development of the profession. In 1969 PMI was founded to promote and support project management profession. Beginning in 1981, the Project Management Institute (PMI) took formal steps to accumulate and codify relevant knowledge by initiating the development of what became their Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). The perceived need to do so arose from the PMI’s long-term commitment to the professionalization of project management.
1965年，国际项目管理协会成立。它是世界上第一个项目管理协会。其愿景是促进项目管理并引领行业发展。1969年，PMI成立，旨在促进和支持项目管理专业。从1981年开始，项目管理协会采取正式步骤，通过启动项目管理知识体系的开发来积累和编纂相关知识。PMI长期致力于项目管理的专业化，因此有必要这样做。
The PMI book was an attempt to document and standardize accepted project information and practices. The first edition was established in 1996 followed second edition in 2000, and third edition in 2004.
PMI手册旨在记录和标准化公认的项目信息和实践。第一版于1996年发行，第二版于2000年发行，2004年发行第三版。
In 1989 PRINCE method was published by CCTA. Project IN Controlled Environment (PRINCE) became the UK standard for managing all government system projects.
1989年，PRINCE方法由CCTA发布。受控环境项目成为英国管理所有政府系统项目的标准。
1990 -2008 Era 1990-2008年代
In 1996, PRINCE2 was published by CCTA (Projects IN Controlled Environments) and it is a structured method for managing small and large projects. It is the accepted standard for the UK government’s Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) and was revised in1996.As a standard for project management; it is widely used in the IT industry and is finding application in other sectors.
1996年，PRINCE2由CCTA（受控环境中的项目）出版，它是一种管理小型和大型项目的结构化方法。它是英国政府中央计算机和电信局的公认标准，并于1996年修订；它广泛应用于it行业，并在其他行业中得到应用。
In 1986 Theory of Constraints (TOC) was introduced by Dr. Eliyahu M & Goldratt in his Novel “The Goal”. TOC is an overall management philosophy that is geared to help the organization to achieve their goal. The methods and algorithms from TOC went on to form the basis of Critical Chain Project Management. Also the critical chain project method is helpful in resource leveling and it focus is on managing resources that are required to execute the project.
1986年，EliyahuM&Goldratt博士在其小说《目标》中引入了约束理论。TOC是一种全面的管理理念，旨在帮助组织实现其目标。TOC中的方法和算法形成了关键链项目管理的基础。关键链项目方法也有助于资源平衡，它的重点是管理执行项目所需的资源。
In 1998, PMBOK became well recognized by the American National Standard Institute and as well as by Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. In 2006, Total Cost of Management Framework was released by AACE International. It is the process for applying the skills and knowledge of cost of engineering.
1998年，PMBOK得到了美国国家标准协会以及电气和电子工程师协会的广泛认可。2006年，AACE国际发布了《管理总成本框架》。这是应用工程成本技能和知识的过程。
Up to 2008 PMBOK is the recognized standard for the project management profession. A standard is formal document that has described and established norms, methods and processes and practices. The knowledge contained in this standard evolved from the recognized good practices of project management practitioners who contributed to develop the standard.
截至2008年，PMBOK是项目管理专业公认的标准。标准是描述和建立规范、方法、过程和实践的正式文件。本标准中包含的知识来自于为制定标准做出贡献的项目管理从业人员公认的良好实践。
Present 目前
In its 50th year, the profession of ‘modern project management’ is facing many challenges and opportunities. The boundaries of our technology are merging into a range of other discipline
