智慧旅游发展的影响因素和后果——以阿布贾为例

nbsp; and  era  of  technology  use,  even  tourism  consumers  are  re-defining  themselves,  they have a sense of responsibility, are aware of sustainability, and are aware of their surroundings. These  tourists  create  their  own  experience  by  having  a  knowledge  of  this  new  technology, tourism  sectors  through  this  data  flow  can  also  provide  personalized  recommendations  to these  users,  thereby  providing  and  proving  their  efficiency,  strengthening  business competition, and also not failing to mention consumer satisfaction. 

CHAPTER 2   LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1   Introduction

This chapter lays out the overview of smart tourism, this section of the chapter gives an insight into the relation of smart tourism, destinations, and tourists who visit, it also looks into the antecedents and consequences of smart tourism development. Past research works done on smart  tourism  and  its  development  are  also  referenced  as  findings  have  shown  that understanding  and  studying  smart  tourism  is  the  key  to  the  advancement  of  the  tourism industry in Abuja. 

2.2   Smart Tourism

The world is in a technology age, technology has taken over many aspects including the tourism  industry.  Smart  tourism  which  is  an  important  component  of  a  smart  city  has  been dealt with in three ways on the basis of sustainability at international conferences organized by the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2017). The first definition of smart tourism by The World Tourism Organization is said to be that smart tourism is the clean, green,  ethical,  and  high-quality  service  in  every  level  of  service.  In  2015,  the  concept  was explained better by including information and communication technologies and the concept of intelligent destination.  In 2017, it was stated that the concept considered a smart destination constitutes  the  future  of  tourism  development,  smart  destinations  have  been  defined  as intelligent, sustainable, and competitive. Tourism destinations use data-linked resources, such as  Geo-referenced  data,  large  data,  and  the  internet  of  things  where  all  stakeholders  are involved  (Pinar  Yalcinkaya  et  al  2018).  Smart  tourism  can  be  seen  as  the  application  of information and technology, similar to smart cities for developing ingenious tools and a way to  improve  tourism.  It  also  includes  smart  tourism  experiences  that  enable  tourists  to communicate  and  interact  more  closely  with  residents,  local  businesses,  local  government, and tourist sites that bring/attract tourists into these cities. However, smart tourism refers to a new  smart  tourism  economy  with  new  sources,  new  players,  and  new  exchange  models (Gretzel, Zhong and Koo, 2016), “Wang (2014) dealt with the concept of smart tourism with all  the  components  of  the  tourism  industry”.  In  this  context,  smart  tourism  functions  are described in the cycle of smart service, smart guide,