tion of most banks in the current global recession is a typical example. Apart from HSBC and Barclays Bank to some extent, most banks nearly collapse. Northern Rock and Lloyds TSB are a example of failure to plan and control globally. This shows that planning and control are very important because global operation for FSO is a very high risk. Therefore, planning and control is important. This is to ensure efficiency and effectiveness globally.
大多数FSO之所以失败，是因为它们未能在全球范围内规划和控制资源。大多数银行在当前全球经济衰退中的情况就是一个典型的例子。在某种程度上，除了汇丰银行和巴克莱银行之外，大多数银行都濒临倒闭。Northern Rock和Lloyds TSB就是未能在全球范围内进行规划和控制的一个例子。这表明规划和控制非常重要，因为FSO的全球运营风险非常高。因此，规划和控制很重要。这是为了确保全球的效率和有效性。
The whole world economy is interlinked. There is free movement of capital across the world. As a result, an economic downturn in one part of the world could affect the rest of the world. Example, the downturn of the housing market in U.S.A. nearly leads to the collapse of Northern Rock as a whole. Furthermore, the current recession in Dubai has affected the Lloyds TSB in the U.K.
整个世界经济是相互联系的。资本在世界各地自由流动。因此，世界某一地区的经济衰退可能会影响到世界其他地区。例如，美国房地产市场的低迷几乎导致了整个北岩的崩溃。此外，迪拜目前的经济衰退影响了英国的劳埃德TSB。
Some of the things that are planning and control globally are;在全球范围内规划和控制的一些事情是
Capacity Planning and Control 产能规划和控制
This “is the task of setting the effective capacity of the operation so that it can respond to the demands placed upon it”(Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2007). That is how to deploy resources to able to meet demand. That can be termed as flexibility of resource utilisation. Globally, FSO must be flexible enough to cope with changing levels of operation. Failure in capacity planning and control normally lead to delay of delivering on time. As a result, customers get dissatisfied and the long term effect is lost of market share.
这“是一项设定行动有效能力的任务，使其能够响应对其提出的要求”。这就是如何部署资源以满足需求。这可以称为资源利用的灵活性。在全球范围内，FSO必须足够灵活，以应对不断变化的运营水平。产能规划和控制的失败通常会导致按时交付的延迟。因此，客户会感到不满，失去了市场份额的长期效应。
Some of the factors that may affect global capacity planning and control are;可能影响全球能力规划和控制的一些因素包括
Political – Example are; political instability, government regulations 政治——例如：；政治不稳定、政府管制
Economics – Recession, Exchange rate, Foreign exchange control.经济学——经济衰退、汇率、外汇管制。
Social – Culture, Religion, Availability of staff 社会——文化、宗教、员工可用性
Technology – Level of technology 技术——技术水平
Environmental – Activities of environmental agencies and international policies on environmental issues.环境——环境机构和国际政策在环境问题上的活动。
Legal – Legislation like health and safety, anti monopoly laws 法律——健康和安全、反垄断法等立法
Project Planning and Control 项目规划和控制
“A project is a set of activities with a definite start point and a definite end state, which pursues a defined goal and uses a defined set of resources”. (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2007).
“一个项目是一组有明确起点和明确终点的活动，它追求一个明确的目标，使用一组明确的资源”。
It involves five stages. They are;它包括五个阶段。他们是
– Understanding the project environment –了解项目环境
– Defining the project –定义项目
– Project planning –项目规划
– Technical execution –技术执行
– Project control –项目控制
Global project planning and control is difficult and risky. This is because, it is very big, it covers wide area, time differences and it may involve a lot of resources. Poor planning and control of project can lead to failure. That is, more resources may be used than anticipated and the project may also not finish on schedule.
全球项目规划和控制既困难又危险。这是因为，它非常大，覆盖范围广，时间差，可能涉及大量资源。项目规划和控制不力可能导致失败。也就是说，可能会使用比预期更多的资源，项目也可能无法如期完成。
A project can be planned and controlled by techniques such as critical path analysis and Gantt charts.
项目可以通过关键路径分析和甘特图等技术进行规划和控制。
The introduction of information technology has help to manage global projects. The most popular software for managing global projects is Groupware.
信息技术的引入有助于管理全球项目。管理全球项目最流行的软件是群件。
Global Supply Chain Management 全球供应链管理
Global operations managers of FSO have to look beyond internal view if they want to manage their operations effectively. This is because, an organisation depends on other organisations for survival and so there is the need to manage the supply and distribution of produc
