如何写essay，相信留学生们都比较了解，不过如果遇到字数较多的essay，通常还会要求写reference，甚至有关于reference数目的规定。Essay中reference的写法有两类：文中夹注和论文末尾，同学们可以根据实际情况灵活选择。今天我们主要讲如何采用APA格式写作规范来书写reference。考虑到同学们基础不同，小编应用了大量的实例进行分析，相信能给大家带来帮助。
1. Books 著作
1) Book with one author (一位作者的著作）
Reference citation in text （文中夹注）
Rosenthal (1987) has argued that …or … this is significant (Rosenthal, 1987).
If the author’s name is not in the text, include it in the parentheses.
J. Sandemose has discussed this in his biography (2004, pp.522-552).
It is recommended to include the page number (or chapter) in addition to the year when paraphrasing or referring to a passage. This is optional.
In bibliography （参考文献）
Rosenthal, R. (1987). Meta-analytic procedures for social research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Sandemose, J. (2004). Aksel Sandemose: A biography. Oslo: Aschehoug.
2) Book with two to seven authors（2到7位作者的著作）
Reference citation in text （文中夹注）
Beck and Sales (2001 ) here establish a new theory.
or A new theory is established here (Beck & Sales, 2001).
In all subsequent citations to books with two authors, repeat both names and year.
This is also analysed in terms of theories of aesthetics (Carlsen,Nielsen, & Rasmussen, 2001).
With 3-5 authors, write all names in the first citation. In subsequent citations write only the first author’s surname followed by et al. (et al. = “and others”.) With 6 or more authors,cite only the first author’s surname followed by et al. in allcitations. The year is included in all citations, e.g.(Carlsen et al., 2001).
In bibliography （参考文献）
Beck, C. A. J., & Sales, B. D. (2001). Family mediation:Facts, myths, and future prospects. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Carlsen, M. S., Nielsen, K. G., & Rasmussen, K. S. (2001). Deleuze’s philosophy. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum.
All authors’ names (up to 7) are written in the bibliography.
（八位作者以上的情况比较少见，有的话建议大家尽量避开~）
3) Chapter in book with editor（选集中的章节）
Reference citation in text （文中夹注）
There are, as Sleeter (1995) has proven, large variations.
The in-text citation refers to the author of the chapter.
In bibliography （参考文献）
Sleeter, C. E. (1995). Radical structuralist perspectives and learning disabilities. In T. M. Skrtic (Ed.), Disability and democracy:Reconstructing(special) education for postmodernity (pp. 153-165). New York : Teachers College.
Chapter author and chapter title are written first, then the editor(s),book title (in italics), and chapter page numbers (in parentheses).The reference to the book begins with “In”.
2. Articles论文
1) Article with one author（一位作者的论文）
Reference citation in text （文中夹注）
From printed journal without DOI (Digital Object Identifier):
没有数字对象标识符的出版期刊
According to Friscolanti, we are entering “a new age of hybrid tanks… and biogenerators that transform trash into power” (2009, p. 35).
Write … in a quote if w
