分支机构最好进行复制，以便节省管理时间并将其用于其他活动。
Human Resource Management 人力资源管理
Globalisation has also lead to the movement of staff, especially senior and management staff across the world. To ensure that they fit into the system easily, process are standardised.
全球化也导致了员工的流动，尤其是世界各地的高级和管理人员。为了确保它们很容易融入系统，流程是标准化的。
Global Management Strategy 全球管理战略
Most FSO now see the world as a global village. For that matter, top management see the world global operation as one unit. As a result, they adopt similar processes across the whole global organisation.
大多数FSO现在将世界视为一个地球村。就这一点而言，最高管理层将全球运营视为一个整体。因此，他们在整个全球组织中采用了类似的流程。
Products or Service Design 产品或服务设计
“Products and services are often the first thing that customers see of a company, so they should have an impact.” ” A good design is to satisfy the customer.” (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2007). As customer gets satisfied, the organisation can achieve its vision (Lynch and Cross, Performance Pyramid).
“产品和服务往往是客户看到一家公司的第一件事，所以它们应该产生影响。”“一个好的设计就是让客户满意。”。随着客户的满意，组织可以实现其愿景。
According performance pyramid developed by Lynch and Cross (Advanced Performance Management, Essential text, 2007); Customers base their satisfaction on quality and delivery time. The organisation bases their satisfaction on process time and level of waste. This is known as level four.
根据Lynch和Cross开发的绩效金字塔；客户的满意度取决于质量和交货时间。该组织将他们的满意度建立在处理时间和浪费程度的基础上。这被称为第四级。
As level four is achieve, leads to level three. That is customers becomes satisfied, the organisation becomes flexible to meet customers needs and so productivity as whole increases.
当达到第四级时，将进入第三级。这就是客户变得满意，组织变得灵活以满足客户的需求，从而提高整体生产力。
Level three leads to level two. The organisation then get market share and high profitability as a result of level three.
第三级通向第二级。然后，该组织通过第三级获得市场份额和高盈利能力。
Finally, the organisation finally achieve its vision.
最后，该组织最终实现了其愿景。
Aspects of products and services 产品和服务方面
“All products and services can be considered as having three aspects”. (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2007). That is, concept, package and process. The concept, “which is the understanding of the nature, use and value of the service or product”.
“所有产品和服务都可以被视为具有三个方面”。即概念、包装和过程。概念，“这是对服务或产品的性质、用途和价值的理解”。
FSO may manage the three aspects mostly through both external and internal environmental analysis by using SWOT Analysis (strength, weakness, opportunity and threat), Porters five forces and Porters Diamond.
FSO可以通过SWOT分析（优势、劣势、机会和威胁）、Porters五力和Porters Diamond，主要通过外部和内部环境分析来管理这三个方面。
Supply network design 供应网络设计
Supply network includes suppliers and customers. It also include supplier’s suppliers and customer’s customers and so on. It is “the network of supplier and customer operations that have relationships with an operation”. (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2007).
供应网络包括供应商和客户。它还包括供应商的供应商和客户的客户等等。它是“与运营有关系的供应商和顾客运营的网络”。。
The network has a supply side. That is, network of suppliers, supplier’s suppliers that provide resources to an operation. The demand side is, chains of customers, customer’s customers that receive the products and services produced by an operation.
网络有一个供应端。也就是说，供应商网络，为运营提供资源的供应商的供应商。需求方是客户链，即接受运营商生产的产品和服务的客户的客户。
The supply network must be designed to reduce time and cost. The shorter network, the shorter the cycle time and so the delivery time to the customers may also reduce.
供应网络的设计必须减少时间和成本。网络越短，周期时间就越短，因此给客户的交付时间也可能减少。
Process Technology 工艺技术
Sometimes, FSO outsource some activities to reduce the supply network to save cost and increase speed.
有时，FSO会将一些活动外包，以减少供应网络，从而节省成本并提高速度。
Furthermore, information technology has also help to reduce the supply network by eliminating intermediaries. Example, e-procurement can enable FSO to access a pool of suppliers directly. For the demand side, websites like moneysupermarket.com can be accessed by a wide range of customers directly.
此外，信息技术还通过消除中介机构，有助于减少供应网络。例如，电子采购可以使FSO直接访问供应商库。在需求方面，像moneysupermarket.com这样的网站可以被广泛的客户直接访问。
Global Operation Planning and Control 全球运营规划与控制
Most FSO fail because they fail to plan and control their resources globally. The situa
