ad to companies adopting strategies that do not necessarily benefit stakeholders such as customers and staff. The same emphasis on capital, and shareholder value, breeds an unhealthy focus on short-term results. Shareholders of stock listed companies want better results every quarter, leading management to take decisions that are not necessarily in the longterm interests of the company and its stakeholders. This needs to change.
目前，资本被严重高估。公司的目标都是为了股东、资本提供者实现价值最大化。这可能导致公司采取的战略不一定有利于客户和员工等利益相关者。对资本和股东价值的同样重视，滋生了对短期结果的不健康关注。股票上市公司的股东希望每个季度都有更好的业绩，从而导致管理层做出不一定符合公司及其利益相关者长期利益的决策。这需要改变。
Global Operations Design 全球运营设计
A global operation must be designed to enable efficiency and effectiveness. It must not happen by default. “To “design” is to conceive the looks, arrangement and workings of something before it is constructed.” (Slack, chambers and Johnston, 2007).
全球业务的设计必须能够提高效率和效力。它决不能默认发生。“设计”是指在事物构造之前对其外观、排列和工作方式进行构思。
Global operations design consist of process design, products or service design, process technologies and layout design.
全球运营设计包括流程设计、产品或服务设计、工艺技术和布局设计。
Process Design 工艺设计
Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2007; defined process design as “the overall configuration of a process that determines the sequence of activities and the flow of transformed resources between them”. Process design should reflect process objective.
Slack，Chambers和Johnston将流程设计定义为“决定活动顺序和活动之间转换资源流的流程的总体配置”。工艺设计应反映工艺目标。
“Processes should be designed so they can create all products and services which the operation is likely to introduce”. (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2007)
“流程的设计应使其能够创建运营可能引入的所有产品和服务”。
The Volume-Variety Effect of Process Design 工艺设计的体积变化效应
Normally, the design of a process for a financial services organisation within a country is based on volume-variety. This also applies globally.
通常，一个国家内金融服务组织的流程设计是基于数量变化。这也适用于全球。
Process type in service operations 服务操作中的流程类型
Process design will be determined by the volume and variety. When volume is low, there is the possibility that variety will be high. When volume is high, there is the possibility that variety will be low and so there will be standardisation.
工艺设计将由体积和种类决定。当产量低时，就有可能出现品种多的情况。当产量高的时候，就有可能出现品种低的情况，因此就会出现标准化。
Professional services provide high levels of customised services based on customer needs. As a result may have high level of variety and low volume.
专业服务根据客户需求提供高水平的定制服务。结果可能具有高水平的多样性和低体积。
Mass services process have a high number of transactions, often involving limited
大规模服务流程有大量的事务，通常涉及有限的事务
customisation, example gocompare.com. As a result there will be high volume and so variety may be low.
定制，例如gocompare.com。因此，销量会很高，因此种类可能会很低。
Service shops process are positioned between professional services and mass services, usually with medium levels of volume and customisation.
服务商店流程定位于专业服务和大众服务之间，通常具有中等规模和定制。
In global operations design, FSO falls within the Mass Services category. This is high volume and less variety. Therefore, there is standardisation. This is because;
在全球运营设计中，FSO属于大众服务类别。这是高容量和较少的品种。因此，存在标准化。这是因为
Uniformity 均匀性
Due to globalisation, there is more movement of people across the world. It is therefore important to create a uniformity of processes so that customers from different part of the world who have seen such a product or services at other parts of the world could easily identify and understand the processes.
由于全球化，世界各地的人口流动越来越多。因此，重要的是要建立统一的流程，以便来自世界不同地区的客户在世界其他地区看到此类产品或服务时，能够轻松识别和理解流程。
Cost Saving 节省成本
In FSO, it cost of money to create a process. Some of the cost are the amount paid to consultants and key management staff to design a process to achieve efficiency and effectiveness. Hence such a process is copied by other branches throughout the world to save money.
在FSO中，创建一个过程需要花费资金。部分费用是支付给顾问和关键管理人员的金额，用于设计一个流程以实现效率和效益。因此，这样的流程被世界各地的其他分支机构复制以节省资金。
Time 时间
There is also a lot of management time in process design. It is therefore better for other branches in other part of the world to copy so that management time will be saved and spent on other activities.
在流程设计中也有大量的管理时间。因此，世界其他地区的其他
