isunderstanding in cross communication.
避免传统思维——尽管你想提高你的思维能力，你必须宽恕传统思维。让自己获得关于各种思维方式的额外知识，并理解差异。在沟通中要有礼貌和直率。这些障碍可以避免交叉沟通中的误解。
At sum-up, I’ll must say, deeper knowledge of any culture should be mandatory for everyone. Not only in business sector but also in personal life. Because if you are planning to move in other foreign country, it will help to earn extra bonus with you career. Try to learn, understand other culture no matter what person is or from where they belong. Express your word, message or information clearly in a polite way. Don’t be rude with other cultures people and try to show you willingness that we want to know or understand about your culture. Hereby this willing, deeper knowledge can help us to negative impact on cross communication.
总之，本篇essay提出，对任何文化都必须有更深入的了解。不仅在商业领域，在个人生活中也是如此。因为如果你打算搬到其他国家，这将有助于在你的职业生涯中赚取额外的奖金。试着学习、理解其他文化，无论他们是什么人或来自哪里。用礼貌的方式清楚地表达你的话、信息或信息。不要对其他文化的人无礼，并试图向你表明我们想了解或理解你的文化的意愿。因此，这种自愿的、更深层次的知识可以帮助我们对交叉沟通产生负面影响。
Identify at least two theories of cross culture communication that can shed light on your own experiences of communicating across cultures. What do these theory explain?What do they explain to fail?
确定至少两种跨文化交际理论，这些理论可以阐明你自己在跨文化交际中的经历。这些理论解释了什么？他们对失败的解释是什么？
First theory of cross culture communication.跨文化交际的第一理论
Introduction 引言
Primarily I will discuss about Face negotiation theory which is formulated by S. Ting Toomey, professor of human communication at California state university. The theory described about to maintain a face in the society can be part of differences in handling conflicts. How culture differences in people influences to managing the conflicts. Culture differences respond to the conflicts in the society. Generally, it is an idea to maintain a face according to every individual culture. Because face is an identity that every individual keep up in the society as a self-image. Face represents as himself/herself in the society. Two types of people is there, first is Collectivistic and second is individualistic.
首先，本篇essay作者将讨论由加州州立大学人际沟通学教授S.Ting Toomey提出的人脸协商理论。关于在社会中保持面子的理论可能是处理冲突差异的一部分。人的文化差异如何影响冲突的管理。文化差异是对社会冲突的回应。一般来说，根据每一种文化来保持一张脸是一种想法。因为脸是每个人在社会中保持的一种身份，是一种自我形象。脸在社会中代表自己。有两种类型的人，第一种是集体主义者，第二种是个人主义者。
There are few reason of Face negotiation. 面对面谈判的理由很少
1. Anxiety over “self-image and other -image”. The value of face for person is necessary to understand and how can be important to maintain a face which reflects to the others.对“自我形象和他人形象”的焦虑。对于一个人来说，面子的价值是必须理解的，保持一张能反映给他人的面子是多么重要。
2. Those who belong to the collectivistic culture, generally they ignore and connect to the conflicts. On the other hand individualistic people, they dominant the conflicts as to maintain the independent image in the society.那些属于集体主义文化的人，通常会忽视和联系冲突。另一方面，个人主义者在冲突中占主导地位，以维护其在社会中的独立形象。
3. Every individual has statues in the society. Collectivistic people are born into certain statues whereas individualistic people are less concerned.社会上每个人都有雕像。集体主义的人出生在某些雕像中，而个人主义的人则不那么关心。
There are 5 type of conflicts styles.有5种类型的冲突样式
Domination – Indivualistic people approach never bow down.统治——独立主义的人永远不会屈服。
Integrating – work together and try to reach the solution, standpoint by individual people.整合——共同努力，努力达成解决方案，由各个人站出来。
Obliging- Collectivistic people approach giving up and do what other says.强制性——集体主义的人倾向于放弃，听从别人的话。
Avoiding- A collectivistic view, stay away from conflicts.避免-集体主义观点，远离冲突
Compromising – to come to a solution as individualistic view.妥协——以个人主义观点达成解决方案。
Examples for Face Negotiation theory 面对面谈判理论实例
According to S. Toomey, people face a conflict situations has different form indiualstic people and collectivistic people. Western people are individualistic in nature. On the other hand collectivistic in nature. Individualistic people try to solve in trouble situation and never bow down. Whereas collectivistic people try to avoid the trouble situation and keep away themselves. Different culture have different meaning for instance. A good eye contact as a good gesture of attention and respect in western countri
