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信息网络传播权法律问题探讨research on Legal Issues of Information Network Transmission Right
摘 要
信息网络传播权在各个国家是伴随网络技术发展起来的新型著作性权利,在我国是以有线或者无线方式向公众提供作品,使公众可以在其个人选定的时间和地点获得作品的权利。信息网络传播权与传统传播权利区别在于其行为具有交互性、复合性和公众性的法律特征。
在国内,我国采用信息网络传播权代替国际上较为通行的向公众传播权,但是信息网络传播权与向公众传播权在法律涵义上并不一致,该权利在我国目前缺乏包容性与系统性。相关立法精神方面不够完善,也没有采取技术中立的态度。
信息网络传播权的主体没有足够的明确,经常与其他权利主体重叠混淆。信息网络传播权的客体仍然是具备独创性和可复制性的作品,而且它的客体范围十分广泛,包括经过数字化后的一般客体,也包括本就由数字化技术传播的多种新型客体,数据库、口述作品、电子公告板等等作品的争议依旧没有停止。信息网络传播权的内容包括精神性权利和财产性权利,并且兼具著作权和邻接权的特点。权利管理信息权是一项较为新型的权能,可以视为传统署名权的延伸,一般可以适用与署名权相关的规定。
伴随左右的是信息网络传播权侵权行为,与一般的侵权行为比较信息网络传播权侵权行为有隐蔽性强,手段多样化,损失无法估量等的特点。对于深度连接,非交互式传播等等行为未有明确的法律规定,致使司法实践中无法可依。本文论述了参考德国法,以填补我国相关法律不足。
伴随着知识产权制度的发展,合理使用制度也应运而生,由于其灵活多变,难以掌控,从司法实践到理论界均争论不断。尽管如此,信息技术与网络技术仍旧不可避免的要利用这一制度。作为研究信息网络传播权的一个重要方面,合理使用制度与其他法律制度一样,具有一般法律演进的一般规律。 美国法官将英国判例法中比较零散的合理使用制度进行了梳理,初步形成了今天的合理使用三要素也就是,一、使用作品的性质和目的;二、引用作品的数量和价值;三、引用对原作商业影响程度。这是历史上首次关于合理使用原则的体系化表述。但是合理使用制度受到的市场制度,著作权人,技术的冲击,产生了存废之争。笔者从法学、哲学,经济学等等角度论证了该制度存在的价值。
关键词:信息网络传播权;网络侵权;合理使用;
Abstract
Communication to the public in various countries is accompanied by the development of a new type of network technology, the copyright interest. In our country are defined by wired or wireless means to provide the public works, so that the public may, in its time and place individually chosen to obtain the right to work. Information Network Transmission Right and the difference between the traditional right of communication lies in its interactive communication behavior of the composite and the public nature of the legal characteristics.
In China, the right to network dissemination of information of use is more prevalent alternative to an international right of communication to the public, but the right to network dissemination of information and communication to the public on the legal implications are not consistent, the right of the lack of inclusiveness in our country and systematic. Mental aspects of relevant legislation is not perfect, it did not take a technology-neutral approach.
Information Network Transmission Right of the main body is not enough clear and often confusing overlap with other subjects of rights. Information Network Transmission Right is still the object of originality and reliability with the works, and its wide range of objects, including digitized through the general object, including the spread of digital technology on the variety of new objects, databases, oral works, works of electronic bulletin boards, and so the controversy still did not stop. Information Network Transmission Right covers the rights and property of spiritual rights, and both the characteristics of copyright and neighboring rights. The right to information rights management is a relatively new type of power, can be regarded as an extension of the traditional authorship, authorship generally applicable and relevant requirements.
With the information about network transmission right violations, violations compared with the general right to network dissemination of information are hidden strong tort, diversify, and other characteristics of immeasurable loss. For the depth of connections, non-interactive communication and other behaviors are not clear legal provisions, resulting in no legal basis for judicial practice. This article discusses the reference to German law, to fill the lack of relevant laws. With the development of the intellectual property system, the rational use of the system have emerged, because of its flexibility, difficult to control, from practice to theory of judicial debate over the world are. However, information technology and network technology is stillhttp://www.51lunwen.org/fllvfw/2012/0415/lw201204152143446082.html inevitabl