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性别、民族主义和土耳其共和国建设 Gender, Nationalism and the construction of the Turkish Republic.

日期:2021年05月16日 编辑: 作者:无忧论文网 点击次数:3998
论文价格:免费 论文编号:lw202105161551224355 论文字数:7000 所属栏目:世界史论文
论文地区:中国 论文语种:English 论文用途:本科毕业论文 BA Thesis
rity of wages based on gender.” Turkey adopted Articles 16 and 8 of
the European Social Charter, the right of the family for economic, social protection and the
right of the employed women for the protection of maternity and incorporated these
Articles to its Constitution (Article 50) and the 2003 Labour Law (Article 74). Women participation is ranked amongst the lowest in the OECD countries. Three out of four women are out of the workplace. The law that is meant to establish the principle of anti-discrimination regarding employment was launched in 2003. Orders were issued to public institutions to eradicate gender discrimination in the workplace and to promote gender equality. 
To better understand the origin of gender inequality, we look at the role of policies that date back. Extensive research is done on the background of the policies and their relation to the situation at hand. The Constitution plays a significant role in clearing defining what these policies are, how they are structured, and how to be affected. Solidifying the position of women in society is a role the legislative framework is working on. The new Turkish civil code paves the way for corrections and amendments to be made to serve the purpose of gender equality. As of January 1st, 2002, a new Turkish code was put into effect. Amendments on necessary gender equality policies were addressed as follows; 1) Spouses were granted conjugal rights instead of the husband alone, 2) The conjugal home will be determined by both spouses instead of letting that decision fall husband alone. 3) The amendment grants parental authority to both spouses, and in case of a disagreement, the judgment will be decided by a judge. This is opposed to the prior law that the husband was the determining factor of any fallouts.  4) The amendment grants each spouse to decide their profession without the permission of the other individually. 5) Participation in acquisitions. This outlines that all property and investments made within the marriage tenure shall be shared equally if a divorce is filed or separation has occurred. 6) The previous law stated that the financial responsibility of the offspring solely belonged to the husband. The new amendment quotes that the financial responsibility shall be proportionate to both spouses' income and financial capability. 7) 17 is the age attained for a marriage to be considered legal. 8) Divorce trials will be held in confidentiality upon the request of both parties. 9) The couple's marriage office is considered to be where the couple resides.  
The Turkish criminal code with gender-based violence underwent several amendments on June 1st, and are as follows: 1) Abolishment of discrimination between girl and boy. 2) Sexual injustices against women were previously quoted as crimes against the community. This was amended to crimes against individuals. 3) Workplace harassment has been embodied, and the basis for establishing the offense has been determined. Penalties have been raised to summate the use of hierarchy influence in the workplace to make sexual advances or request for sex-related favors. 4) ''Custom killings'' have been categorized under voluntary manslaughter, and the penalties have been set to the steepest price. 5) If a woman gets pregnant due to a crime committed against her, the doctors who aid in finishing the process cannot be punished if the process was with consent from the lady and if the period under which the pregnancy took place does not exceed 20 weeks. 6) Physical or mental torture brought about by sexual harassment has been categorized together with the matter's punishments. 7) Injury related to malicious intent is classified as a crime in itself. 8) With the penalty of facing up to 15 years in prison, torture and torment have been placed as a separate crime. Inflicting suffering on children or women deemed helpless is a crime that carries a minimum of 8 years and a maximum of 15 years. 9) Under family law,