政府在俄罗斯发挥着重要的作用
Government Also Play An Important Role In Russia
俄罗斯,也被称为俄罗斯联邦是世界上最大的国家,这是覆盖超过八分之一的地球居住区。莫斯科是俄罗斯的首都,是最大的城市,也是经济、文化、商业和交通运输的重要中心。俄罗斯占据了欧洲和北亚洲东端,从挪威延伸到太平洋。俄罗斯的气候不同,在西伯利亚北部有一个寒冷的北极气候,有一个亚热带的黑海附近的热带气候。根据世界银行的说,俄罗斯的人口在2011年是1亿4190万人。俄罗斯经历了许多变化,在最近几年,共产主义在1991结束。它已逐渐从最初的亲西方的政策,尤其是在经济问题上的合作,试图重申俄罗斯地位的组合元素。俄罗斯在追求政治制度、经济制度、法律制度和文化等国际商业利益的同时,必须采取一定的制度。
Russia, also known as Russian Federation is the largest country in the world, which is covering more than one eighth of the earth inhabited area. Moscow is the Russia's capital, the largest city and also an important center for economic, cultural, business and transportation. Russia occupies much of easternmost Europe and northern Asia, elongating from Norway to the Pacific Ocean and from the Black Sea to the Arctic Ocean with an area of 17,075,200 (Country,2006). The climate is different in Russia, there is a cold arctic climate in the north Siberia and there is a sub-tropical hot climate near the Black Sea. According to the World Bank, the population of Russia is 141.9 million people in 2011. The National Day was on 12 June whereas the day of the Russian Federation state flag fall on 22 August (Shoemaker, 2012). [1] Russia has gone through many changes in recent years, as communism ended in 1991. It has steadily moved from initial pro-western policy towards one that combined elements of co-operation especially on economic issues and attempts to reassert Russia's status. There are many aspects in Russia that must be taken when pursuing international business interests such as political systems, economic systems, legal systems and culture.
Political systems 政治制度
The political system of a country shapes its economic and legal systems. We need to understand the nature of the different political systems before discussing economic and legal system. Political system can be defined as the system of government in a nation (Hill, Udayasankar, & Wee, 2012). Political system can be assessed according to two dimensions. Firstly, the degree to which emphasize collectivism as opposed to individualism. Secondly, the degree to which emphasize on democratic and totalitarianism. These dimensions are interrelated systems that emphasize collectivism tend toward totalitarianism whereas those that place at high value on individualism tend to be democratic. The Russian Federation has a centralized political system, its concentrated in a president and a prime minister, a weak multiparty political system dominated by the ruling United Russia party and a bicameral legislature (Federal Assembly). The Federal Assembly consists of a lower house (State Duma) and an upper house (Federation Council).
In 1990, Boris Yeltsin became the first president of Russia and he makes a transformation on an autocratic system that practice in communism (Yeltsin, n.d). The resignations of Yeltsin permit Vladimir Putin to be the president in March 2000. Vladimir Putin has been replaced on November 2008, then he was re-elected as president on the first ballot in a widely criticized election. Russian Federation was the largest nation to emerge from the separated of Soviet Union, it was moving toward democracy but remains deeply flawed in term of its democratic credentials, overwhelmingly tainted by corruption, and massively influenced by the power and personality of president known as Vladimir Putin. He had controlled the constitution by manipulating the laws to benefit himself and the business owners in Russia while diminishing the non-profit organizations that are established and determines the basic domestic and foreign policy, is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, can veto legislative bills, resolves issues of citizenship of the Russian Federation, awards state decorations and grants pardons. (Glasser, 2004).
Furthermore, government also play an important role in Russia. Government duties were split between a number of ministries which have federal services and federal agencies answerable to them. The head of go