统涉及单个中间商，即旅行社。
Three-stage system: This system involves two middlemen, retail travel agent and wholesaler or a tour operator.三阶段系统：该系统包括两个中间商，零售旅行社和批发商或旅行社。
Four-stage system: This system involves a retail travel agent, wholesaler and additional middlemen known as Speciality Chancellor, who is instrumental in the development of tour packages.四阶段系统：该系统包括零售旅行社、批发商和额外的中间商，即专业负责人，他们在旅游套餐的开发中发挥着重要作用。
Inventory Strategy: An inventory of tourism products identifies the opportunities and constraints that a local authority has in attracting visitors to their town/ city/region. The number and range of attractions and activities, things visitors can see and do, are particularly important. Gaps in the product range and/or poor quality facilities will make places less attractive to visitors. In the same way lack of transport and accommodation will deter visitors from travelling to and stopping at the destination. Until an inventory of attractions, activities, accommodation and transport has been completed and this is matched with an understanding of visitor demand and Visitor satisfaction, destinations will be unsure whether they are meeting visitor expectations. In terms of prioritising tourism requirements, the attraction and activity sectors are the key areas. For Example, Tourist visit Switzerland for ‘fun and excitement’ and it is the service provider that provides this opportunity to the tourists. Local government is often also, a key provider of visitor (and residents) theses attractions and amenities.
库存策略：旅游产品库存确定了地方当局在吸引游客到其城镇/城市/地区方面的机会和限制。景点和活动的数量和范围，游客可以看到和做的事情，尤其重要。产品范围的差距和/或劣质设施将使这些地方对游客的吸引力降低。同样，缺乏交通和住宿也会阻碍游客前往目的地和在目的地停留。在完成景点、活动、住宿和交通的盘点，并与对游客需求和游客满意度的了解相匹配之前，目的地将不确定是否满足游客的期望。在优先考虑旅游需求方面，景点和活动部门是关键领域。例如，游客访问瑞士是为了“娱乐和兴奋”，正是服务提供商为游客提供了这个机会。地方政府通常也是游客（和居民）这些景点和设施的主要提供者。
Customer Service Strategy: The aim of the tour operator should be that he consistently makes the customers happy 100% of the time .Inconsistent service leads to customers not knowing what to expect. Customer service includes providing accommodation, flight details, and attractive tourist points. Employees are vital in this attempt to achieve consistently high customer service. Organisations must have the right systems in place in order to achieve their goals. If staff cannot take the right action when dealing with customers, the business will suffer. It is about five times as expensive to win over a new customer as it is to work with an existing one.
客户服务策略：旅行社的目标应该是始终让客户100%满意。服务不一致导致客户不知道该期待什么。客户服务包括提供住宿、航班详情和有吸引力的旅游景点。员工在这一尝试中至关重要，以实现始终如一的高客户服务。组织必须有适当的制度来实现其目标。如果员工在与客户打交道时不能采取正确的行动，企业就会受到影响。争取新客户的成本大约是现有客户的五倍。
Integration Strategy: Supply Chain integration Strategy links all the business entities in the supply chain. In tourism the tour operators act as producers as well as distributors. In an efficient supply chain, manufactures, suppliers, distribution channels and customers are linked in the form of a chain to develop and deliver products as a single organization of pooled skills and resources. Higher the integration process, greater is the success of supply chain system.
整合战略：供应链整合战略将供应链中的所有商业实体联系起来。在旅游业中，旅游经营者既是生产者，也是分销商。在一个高效的供应链中，制造商、供应商、分销渠道和客户以链的形式联系在一起，作为一个汇集技能和资源的单一组织来开发和交付产品。集成过程越高，供应链系统的成功就越大。
Tour operator or service provider has to integrate all the services together effectively to design the preferred output to gain the competitive advantage.
旅游运营商或服务提供商必须将所有服务有效地集成在一起，以设计首选输出，从而获得竞争优势。
For effective supply chain management of tourism services, it is essential that different segments of product (tourism) are managed in tune with changing habits and desires of users. SCM in few of the important aspects of the tourism like accommodation, transport, food and crafts and destination are discussed briefly in this paper.
为了有效地管理旅游服务的供应链，必须根据用户不断变化的习惯和愿望来管理不同的产品（旅游）。本文简要讨论了SCM在旅游业的几个重要方面，如住宿、交通、食品和工艺品以及目的地。
Accommodation 住宿
Accommodation facilities are found to be important aspect of Tourism product. For managing hotel services, at the very outset, the locationa
