什么导致了目前的经济危机，特别强调美国的经济政策和美国银行的贷款政策
"What has caused the present economic crisis with special emphasis on US economic policy and US banks' loan policy used before the crisis?
Abstract 摘要
本文对货币银行学课程由克拉科夫经济学院的首席财务官Igor Styn先生的回应。
它的唯一目的是投机，对某些金融政策的使用相结合的评价，其他情况和问题在当时引起当前经济危机大萧条。
This paper was written as a response to the Money and Banking course taught by Mr. Igor Styn, chief of finance of the Krakow University of Economics.
Its sole purpose is to speculate, argumentate and evaluate on how the combination of the usage of certain banking policies, other circumstances and problems at the time caused the present economic crisis often compared to the Great Depression.
Introduction 简介
“危机”这个词已经在各种媒体上重复了很多次，人们不再给它太多的意义了。然而，大多数人甚至不完全明白它的意思和实际发生的事。人群已经准备好要责怪任何人，甚至认为恐慌只是一个骗局。
The word “crisis” has already been repeated so many times in all kinds of media that people do not give much significance to it anymore. Nevertheless, most people do not even fully understand what it means and what is actually going on. Crowds are ready to blame everyone and even believe that the panic is all just a scam.
In this short paper, we will try to describe every aspect of the causes of and the events that might have led to the present financial crisis and explain how the policies the US government used prior to the crisis facilitated its creation. We will try to do this through defining the basic principles we will focus on, identifying and analyzing the factors that had the most impact on the creation of the crisis, walking through the history of events and putting back together the pieces of the broken puzzle of the financial system.
Everybody's absolute favorite question regarding the crisis is “Whose fault is it?” The only possible answer that could be given to this question is “Everyone and no one”. However, the situation is much more complex than that. Even though a lot of people tend to blame the financial crisis and the present world recession on giant commercial banks and their greed, it is pretty clear what had a great influence in causing the biggest recession of the modern history and before accusing anyone, all possible causes must be considered.
First of all, we need to define the main concepts we will be using in this analysis. In the world of students, banks are just buildings where we open our accounts and store money that we later spend through our bank account. I this paper we need to make a clear distinction between commercial banks, such as JP Morgan Chase and central banks, such as the Federal Reserves.
The role of commercial banks is to “accept deposits, make business loans, and offer related services.” Commercial banks also allow for a variety of deposit accounts, such as checking, savings, and time deposit. These institutions are run to make a profit and owned by a group of individuals, yet some may be members of the Federal Reserve System. While commercial banks offer services to individuals, they are primarily concerned with receiving deposits and lending to businesses.
The central bank, on the other hand, is “a country's primary monetary authority”. It usually has responsibility for issuing currency, administering monetary policy, holding member banks' deposits, and facilitating the nation's banking industry.
In the US, there are many commercial banks and only one central bank called the Federal Reserves. The participants in the financial market also include households and companies that invest their money into the market in the form of deposits, securities, bond and so on, but also borrow money from banks in form of loans and mortgages.
The actions of market participants are different indeed, from the exchange of assets, services, information to the activities connected with financial markets. Undeniably, actions of all the participants supposed to be are aimed towards achievement of the economic goals.
As the base of the problem created in America, we can consider the popularity of consumerism and the concept of “the American Dream”. All peopl
