ents – not just accommodation, transport and excursions, but also bars and restaurants, handicrafts, food production, waste disposal, and the infrastructure that supports tourism in destinations. These all form a part of the holiday product that is expected by tourists when they purchase holidays, quality, depends on performance at all the links in the tourism supply chain.
旅游供应链包括许多组成部分——不仅是住宿、交通和短途旅行，还包括酒吧和餐馆、手工艺品、食品生产、废物处理，以及支持目的地旅游的基础设施。这些都是游客在购买度假产品时所期望的度假产品的一部分，质量取决于旅游供应链中所有环节的表现。
A further aspect of the tourism supply chain is the activities of customers while on holiday, particularly in relation to their behavior, and what they source for themselves in particular situations.
旅游供应链的另一个方面是顾客在度假时的活动，特别是与他们的行为有关的活动，以及他们在特定情况下为自己采购的东西。
The main strategies in any supply chain are sourcing strategy, distribution strategy, inventory strategy, manufacturing strategy, customer service strategy and the strategy of integration.
任何供应链中的主要战略都是采购战略、分销战略、库存战略、制造战略、客户服务战略和整合战略。
Tourism comprises of different industries’ product and service like of Hotels, accommodation, transport, destination etc. SCM strategies can be modified to suit the nature of the product.
旅游业包括不同行业的产品和服务，如酒店、住宿、交通、目的地等。供应链管理策略可以根据产品的性质进行修改。
Sourcing Strategy -Sourcing mainly constitutes 采购战略-采购主要包括
Make or buy decision 做出或购买决定
Manufacturing management 制造管理
Capacity Management 容量管理
Make or buy decision: Services can be delivered directly or can be outsourced/Co-Sourced as done by Thomas Cook a reputed name in providing tourism services. Thomas Cook implemented strategic sourcing arrangement with Accenture by outsourcing its Back-Office activities. Through this model they were able to improve operations and reduce its cost, by US $ 243.72 million in just 16 months.
做出或购买决定：服务可以直接提供，也可以外包/由托马斯库克共同采购，托马斯库克是提供旅游服务的知名品牌。托马斯库克通过外包其后台活动，与埃森哲达成了战略采购安排。通过这种模式，他们能够在短短16个月内改善运营并降低成本24372万美元。
Manufacturing management: In tourism, manufacturing component is limited only to certain sectors like food and craft, memento, gifts etc. Services are processed at each stage in the tourism. For example, in transport sector at airport different services like visa and immigration processing, waiting time etc are processed to deliver the maximum satisfaction to the travellers. At the destination the service is processed by providing safe environment and security to the tourists.
制造业管理：在旅游业中，制造业仅限于食品和工艺、纪念品、礼品等特定行业。旅游业的每个阶段都会处理服务。例如，在机场的运输部门，会处理签证和移民处理、等待时间等不同的服务，以向旅客提供最大的满意度。在目的地，通过为游客提供安全的环境和安保来处理服务。
Capacity Management: The tourism products are subject to instability of demand. Example during Muscat festival in Oman, the demand exceeds the supply in many of the sectors of tourism like in hotels and airlines. Airlines meet this excessive demand by increasing the capacity by introducing additional special flights at special rates.
容量管理：旅游产品的需求不稳定。例如，在阿曼的马斯喀特节期间，酒店和航空公司等许多旅游部门的需求超过了供应。航空公司通过引入额外的特价航班来增加运力，以满足这种过度的需求。
Distribution strategy 分销策略
In tourism industry, the distribution strategy has far reaching impact on the development of the industry. This makes it essential that the channel decisions are sound so that the beginning and end process of marketing are managed efficiently and effectively.
在旅游业中，分销策略对旅游业的发展有着深远的影响。这使得渠道决策是合理的，从而有效地管理营销的开始和结束过程至关重要。
A basic understanding of the structure and working of the distribution system in travel industry, including the middlemen who form the part of the system, is found essential to understand the Economics of the tourism industry. The current practices insist on four types of sales distribution of tourism as a product.
基本了解旅游业分销系统的结构和运作，包括构成该系统一部分的中间商，对于理解旅游业的经济学至关重要。目前的做法坚持将旅游作为一种产品进行四种类型的销售分销。
One stage system: This system provides direct sales from primary suppliers of the services to consumers through its own reservation departments. E.g. airlines directly selling tickets to travellers through its reservation office.一阶段系统：该系统通过自己的预订部门向消费者提供服务的主要供应商的直接销售。例如，航空公司通过其预订办公室直接向旅客出售机票。
Two- stage system: This system involves single middlemen i.e travel agent.二阶段系统：该系
