mpared to everyone being equal. Luxury brands are an identifier for the second part of this definition (a person’s position in a society)to show a high power distance (Mooij& Hofstede, 2010, p. 102-103).Therefore, in high power cultures adapting such a product strategy where much more value can be added to the product can prove successful for multinational companies. On the other hand, cultures with high power distance best fit skimming pricing strategy.
权力距离是工人和他们的长辈之间的关系。它还表示一个人在社会中的地位，与人人平等相比。奢侈品牌是这个定义的第二部分（一个人在社会中的地位）的一个标识符，以显示高权力距离。因此，在高权力文化中，采用这样一种可以为产品增加更多价值的产品战略，可以证明跨国公司是成功的。另一方面，具有高权力距离的文化最适合略读定价策略。
Cultures with uncertainty avoidance, a simple product strategy that is, offering basic products, with either penetration or economy pricing strategy, and less innovative promotional strategy will do it for multinational companies.
避免不确定性的文化，一种简单的产品策略，即提供基本产品，具有渗透性或经济性定价策略，以及创新性较低的促销策略，将为跨国公司做到这一点。
In masculine cultures an important factor is achievement, when combined with individualism, success can be shown, less so when combined with collectivism. Cultures with high uncertainty avoidance usually lack innovativeness and the wish for change. Although combining such cultures with high power distance, appeals like modernity and innovation provide status (Mooij& Hofstede, 2010, p. 102)
在男性文化中，一个重要因素是成就，当与个人主义相结合时，成功就会显现出来，而与集体主义相结合则不然。避免高度不确定性的文化通常缺乏创新性和变革的愿望。尽管将这些文化与高权力距离相结合，但现代性和创新等吸引力提供了地位
A family picture denotes collectivism in content analysis of advertising however it can also show individualism as people worry about shrinking families. Therefore marketers might not prefer using pictures of a family to show collectivistic cultures. The number of people in a family does not necessarily reflect individualism/collectivism. A better measure of this is using directness of communication, e.g. by comparing the use of personalized headlines (Mooij& Hofstede, 2010, p. 103)
全家福在广告内容分析中表示集体主义，但它也可以表现出个人主义，因为人们担心家庭缩小。因此，营销人员可能不喜欢使用家庭照片来展示集体主义文化。一个家庭的人数并不一定反映个人主义/集体主义。一个更好的衡量标准是使用沟通的直接性，例如通过比较个性化标题的使用
3.0 Conclusion and summary:结论与总结
The main objective of this term paper is finding whether national culture has effect over the marketing strategies of Multinational companies. This term paperstarts with the definition and introduction of multinational companies. Culture being the main focus of this term paper, therefor this work has defined culture and has linked culture with multinational organizations by showing importance of culture before applying marketing strategies in international markets.
该学期论文的主要目的是了解民族文化是否对跨国公司的营销策略有影响。本论文从跨国公司的定义和介绍开始。文化是学期论文的主要关注点，因此本工作定义了文化，并通过在国际市场应用营销策略之前展示文化的重要性，将文化与跨国组织联系起来。
This term paperthen defines marketing and discuses the globalization of marketing in this era. Multinational companies either standardize or adapt their marketing strategies when operating in different cultures. This term paperhas identified and highlighted the point of view of both, the supporters of standardization and adaptation school of thought.
然后，学期论文定义了营销，并讨论了这个时代营销的全球化。跨国公司在不同文化中经营时，要么标准化，要么调整营销策略。学期论文确定并强调了两者的观点，即标准化和适应性学派的支持者。
Next examples of countries where, multinational company’s marketing strategies were influenced by cultures are included in this term paper, to justify the selected title which is the influence of culture on multinational companies as discussed in the conclusion below as well.
下一个跨国公司营销策略受到文化影响的国家的例子包括在这篇学期论文中，以证明所选的标题是文化对跨国公司的影响，正如下面的结论所讨论的那样。
3.1: Conclusion:结论
This term paper has stressed different examples such as, Sufficient amount of works has been used as an evidence from articles, journals and books where authors have written about the importance of culture to Multinational companies and has showed that failing to cope with cultural differences results in failure of multinational companies in international markets, such as Wal-Mart lost its market shares and was forced to leave the German, Korean and Japanese markets mainly due to difference in cultural. Frito-Lay American based multinational
