and un- composed principles(Hofstede, 1994, p. 113).
避免不确定性：因此，可以将其描述为一个社会中的个人在多大程度上感到被模糊的环境所破坏。除了其他各种因素外，这种倾向还通过焦虑和对一致性的要求来传达：对组合和非组合原则的要求。
2.9: Hall’s Model 霍尔模型
Edward Hall was a social scientist that primarily recognized two fundamental hypothetical measurements of society. He categorized the measurements as low connection and high setting (Hall, 1983) cited in (Sparks, 2005). Low connection shows, importance is in light of the words used and not on the situation. High setting relates significance of a people conduct to the circumstance. The importance of this in the study of culture is relying upon the non-verbal signs given; messages may be diversely translated by high connection social orders. To verify the message is seen in a comparative way by all forces that the base (culture) of the people be the same. In any case, this is once in a while genuine. In this way, culture has a direct impact on message transmission and exchanges. Lobby characterized this wonder as the quiet dialect (Hall, 1983) cited in (Sparks, 2005). Additionally, Hall acknowledged the quiet dialect to contain “components of space, material belonging, kingship designs, ascensions crosswise over societies, and time.”
爱德华·霍尔是一位社会科学家，他主要认识到社会的两个基本假设测量。他将测量分为低连接和高设置。低连接表明，重要性是根据使用的单词而不是根据情况。高环境将一个人行为的重要性与环境联系起来。这在文化研究中的重要性在于依赖于所给出的非语言符号；消息可以由高连接社交秩序进行不同的翻译。为了验证这一信息，所有力量都以一种比较的方式看待，即人民的基础（文化）是相同的。无论如何，这是偶尔发生的事情。通过这种方式，文化对信息的传递和交流有着直接的影响。Lobby将这一奇观描述为中引用的安静方言。此外，霍尔承认这种安静的方言包含“空间、物质归属、王权设计、跨越社会和时间的提升的组成部分”
Space is the parting between two individuals having a dialog. This view of how far this space must to be is distinct in every culture and by various situations. In the United States a safe distance is the regular separation for companions. Closer companions and personal companions take into consideration much closer dispersing. Having a corner office in the United States with a number of secretaries shows a status and power above others and shows spatial balance. Different cultures, for instance, Japan, explain this as a moving away from others and utilise this office area to show that the representative does not deserve to be near the activity (Sparks, 2005).
空间是两个有对话的人之间的分隔。这种关于这个空间必须走多远的观点在每种文化和各种情况下都是不同的。在美国，安全距离是同伴之间的常规距离。亲密的同伴和私人伙伴会考虑更亲密的分散。在美国有一个角落的办公室，有很多秘书，这表明了一种高于他人的地位和权力，并显示了空间平衡。不同的文化，例如日本，将其解释为远离他人，并利用这个办公区域来表明代表不应该靠近活动。
Understandings crossway over cultures is the way a society operates (Hall, 1983). A low connection society relay on the composed word, for example, contracts, as a complete report and flat out to direct conduct. A high connection culture depends on individual circumstance and companionships over a composed contract. In Asian nations contracts are just a start to the business relationship. They are there to be examined and adjusted cited in (Sparks, 2005).
对文化的理解是一个社会运作的方式。一个低联系的社会把组成的词，例如合同，作为一个完整的报告，直接传递给行为。一个高度联系的文化取决于个人环境和友谊，而不是一份复合的合同。在亚洲国家，合同只是商业关系的开始。它们将在中进行审查和调整。
Time is separated into two types of detectable timelines, monochrome time and polychrome time. (Hall, 1983) Monochrome time refers to time in a direct manner. Everything is reserved for a certain time and the times don’t cover. Time has less meaning to the events around it allowing various things to be reserved for the same time cited in (Sparks, 2005).
时间分为两种可检测的时间线，单色时间和多色时间。单色时间是指以直接方式出现的时间。所有的东西都是为某个特定的时间保留的，而时间并不涵盖。时间对周围的事件意义不大，允许在同一时间保留各种东西。
2.10: Applying the Hofstede Model:应用Hofstede模型
Behavior studies across different cultures are increasing over time. This has made Hofstede’s natural cultures model a very beneficial tool for identifying cultural behaviors. Therefore author considers the Hofstede model to be a reliable model to use for this term paper (Mooij& Hofstede, 2010, p. 104)
随着时间的推移，不同文化中的行为研究越来越多。这使得霍夫斯泰德的自然文化模型成为识别文化行为的一个非常有益的工具。因此，作者认为Hofstede模型是本学期论文中使用的可靠模型
2.11: Cultural dimensions relevant to marketing strategy 与营销策略相关的文化层面
Power distance is a relationship between a worker and their seniors. It also denotes a person’s position in the society as co
