he outside environmental aspects widespread in every nation mainly control perceived export problems. Next, industry-specific aspects are often accountable for variations in the supposed level of export threats across industry. Lastly, the level of the industry frequently determines the characteristics and pressure on export threats, with minor business feeling their inhibiting impact more powerfully. Smith et al. (2006: p. 54-55)
根据对以往经验文献的分析，确定了五种常见的出口威胁。优先考虑的是非出口企业倾向于以与出口贸易不同的方式识别障碍。他们更加重视阻碍出口行动开始的因素，而出口贸易则会带来运营、实际和市场相关的麻烦。其次，出口障碍的性质和复杂性不仅在出口阶段不同，而且在出口增长过程的相同阶段的企业之间也不同。其次，在每个国家普遍存在的外部环境因素主要控制着感知到的出口问题。其次，行业特定的方面往往会导致整个行业的出口威胁假设水平的变化。最后，行业的水平往往决定了出口威胁的特征和压力，小企业更强烈地感受到其抑制影响。
Aims 目的
The main aim of this piece of research is to find out the processes which national business adapt while entering into new international markets and to calculate the degree of which cross-cultural characteristics of the host country can contribute to the decision making. Therefore, in this research it will be required to find a connection between the cultural distance of the two countries and the power of their global business. In other expression, one can aim to study whether: "are the firms more expected to invest in nations that are culturally closer?"
这项研究的主要目的是找出国家企业在进入新的国际市场时所适应的流程，并计算东道国的跨文化特征对决策的贡献程度。因此，在这项研究中，需要找到两国的文化距离与其全球业务的力量之间的联系。换言之，我们可以研究一下：“企业是否更希望投资于文化上更接近的国家？”
As a result, the intention of this research is to estimate the degree to which the cultural distance plays an significant part on the choice of participating in the economy of a certain country. To that extent, this research is evaluating, finally, if the cultural closeness of certain countries is a feature of magnetism by business for a venture. In order to find out the part of cultural closeness, one will calculate the cultural threats business encounter in going into global markets. The centre of this research is businesses who are the first time entrants into the new international markets. For that motive the problem of cultural distance is understood so closely. This is also based that business going into new markets with a little experience in global ventures are less affected by the risk when entering into a new global market. The basic theory in this research is that cultural distance plays a significant role for the first time entrants when compared to other business.
因此，本研究的目的是估计文化距离在多大程度上对某一国家参与经济的选择起着重要作用。在这一程度上，这项研究最终评估了某些国家的文化亲近性是否是企业吸引力的一个特征。为了找出文化亲近的部分，我们将计算企业在进入全球市场时遇到的文化威胁。这项研究的中心是首次进入新的国际市场的企业。出于这一动机，人们对文化距离问题的理解如此之密切。这也是基于，在全球企业中有少许经验的企业进入新市场时，受到风险的影响较小。本研究的基本理论是，与其他企业相比，文化距离对首次进入者起着重要作用。
In order to believe in this objective, a viewpoint on the resources that are necessary to enter a global venture will be the base for the explanations sought after. The main hypothesis is that, venturing into new markets where there is a high degree of cultural distance embodies high degree of risk and, consequently, huge investments is required to understand and bridge a gap between these cultural distance among countries.
为了相信这一目标，关于进入全球企业所需资源的观点将成为寻求解释的基础。主要假设是，冒险进入文化距离很高的新市场意味着高风险，因此需要巨额投资来理解和弥合各国之间的文化距离差距。
Research Methods:研究方法
Data 数据
As the main focus of the research is to find out the relation between the cultural differences among nations and course of internationalisation of the company, different sources of statistics and information will be used. In order to know the relation we need to under the cultural differences among the countries, as this will enable the research with better understand of the concept. To get this information, Hofstede (1984) work is used to get the information on cultural distance. The model developed by Hofstede (2001) provides a set of variables that permit the relationship of cultures with respect to various business approaches. The study of cultural consequences of Hofstede is performed using data gathered from IBM workforce in different countries around the world. In spite of being a good method for understanding the cultural distance among
