Background
In 2013, it is three hundred anniversary of Louisbourg; the Canadian government had issued a Louisbourg three hundred anniversary gold coin. The gold coin was made by the Royal Canadian Mint; it is the legal currency of Canada. The Positive pattern of gold coin is the side of the portrait about the queen Elizabeth II; Pictorial back is the style of Louisbourg, it decorated with ships and marine fish, closely related to display the fortress and the ocean.
Louisbourg is located in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia in Cape Breton, is a Canadian National Historic site. Louisbourg was built in 1713, completed in 1745,“The fort was built to protect and provide a base for France's lucrative North American fishery and to protect Quebec City from British invasions”.（Robert Emmet Wall,1964）. In the history of the two siege happened here, especially in the war of 1758, was a turning point in Britain and France against each other. The fortress was attacked in two major sieges: once in 1745 and the again in 1758. The first siege involved a New England force backed by a British Royal Navy squadron. The New England attackers succeeded when the fortress capitulated on June 16, 1745. A major expedition by the French to recapture the fortress led by Jean-Baptiste de La Rochefoucauld de Roye, duc d'Anville the following year was destroyed by storms, disease and British naval attacks before it ever reached the fortress. In 1748, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which ended the War of the Austrian Succession, restored Louisbourg to France in return for territory gained in the Netherlands and the British trading post at Madras in India. Maurepas, the minister of marine, was determined to have it back. He regarded the fortified harbor as essential to maintaining French dominance in the fisheries of the area. The disgust of the French in this transaction was matched by that of the English colonists. The New England forces left, taking with them the famous Louisbourg Cross, which had hung in the fortress chapel. This cross was rediscovered in the Harvard University archives only in the later half of the 20th century; it is now on long-term loan to the Louisbourg historic site. Having given up Louisbourg, Britain in 1749 created its own fortified town on Chebucto Bay which they named Halifax. It soon became the largest Royal Navy base on the Atlantic coast and hosted large numbers of British army regulars. The 29th Regiment of Foot was stationed there; they cleared the land for the port and settlement.
Britain's North American (American) colonies were expanding into areas claimed by France by the 1750s, and the efforts of French forces and their Indian allies to seal off the westward passes and approaches through which American colonists could move west soon led to the skirmishes that developed into the French and Indian War in 1754. The conflict widened into the larger Seven Years' War by 1756, which involved all of the major European powers. A large-scale French naval deployment in 1757 fended off an attempted assault by the British in 1757. “However, inadequate naval support the following year allowed a large British combined operation to land for the 1758 Siege of Louisbourg which ended after a siege of six weeks on July 26, 1758, with a French surrender”.( Johnston, A.J.B. 2007). The fortress was used by the British as a launching point for its 1759 Siege of Quebec that culminated in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. “The fortifications at Louisbourg were systematically destroyed by British engineers in 1760 to prevent the town and port from being used in the future by the French, should the peace process return Cape Breton Island to France. The British kept a garrison at Louisbourg until 1768”. (Johnston, A.J.B. 2013) Some of the cut-stones from Louisbourg were shipped to Halifax to be re-used and, in the 1780s, to Sydney, Nova Scotia.
In 1745, when it was built by the French, Louisbourg soon becomes the Boston, Philadelphia the
