交替传译中的搭配问题—基于模拟会议的案例英语翻译研究“第三届世界互联网会议大数据论坛”英汉交替传译

communication, making easy the process ofconveying a meaning (when they are correctly used). Usually the combinations are illogical andunpredictable, because words are collocated together following a cultural or customary-dependentusage and not a grammatical rule. This respective and customary link between words in everylanguage cannot be changed at will and cannot be translated word by word. Knowledge ofcollocations is vital for the competent use of a language and gives the interpreter a sense ofnativelikeness: a grammatically correct sentence will stand out as awkward in the target language ifcollocational preferences are not respected. A second example in Chinese of the English collocationstrong coffee: it cannot be translated 强咖啡(Qiáng kāfēi) but with 浓咖啡(nóng kāfēi). They canenrich the study of a language and they have singularities and differences between cultures andlanguages. For non-native speakers they are an obstacle and in my opinion the biggest challenge.Only becoming a native-like user of collocations and idioms the learner‘s level of a language can beconsidered proficient.

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2.2 PREVIOUS STUDIES ON COLLOCATIONS

Collocations have been studied for a long time, and different academics and linguistics tried to givea definition of them.

Firth, who first used ―collocation‖ as a technical term, defined them as combinations of words thatdo not depend on the semantic context. ―The habitual collocations in which words under studyappear are quite simply the mere word accompaniment, the other-word material in which they aremost commonly embedded” (Firth, 1968: 190-215) . According to Firth, collocations are everyhabitual co-occurrence of individual words. The word meaning depends on the other words it iscombined with. Hausmann described collocations as a specific type of sentences, somethingbetween free combinations of words and idiomatic expressions. ―They are combinations that arefrequently used together‖ (Hausmann, quoted in Berisic Antic, 2016: 264).

Sinclair provided further insights into the concept of collocation in relation to its lexical andgrammatical aspects by proposing the ideas of upward and downward placement. Collocation is theoccurrence of two or more words within a short space of each other in a text. (Sinclair 1991: 170)Cowie‘s study (1998) focused on collocations as they are defined in the ―Russian school‖ ofphraseology. In this literature, collocations are defined as combinations of words in which eitherwords take on meaning that they would not take on in another context, or there are arbitraryrestrictions, words that are arbitrarily blocked (e.g. commit + something wrong/ illegal).―Collocations are also defined as groups of words depending on the text in which they are found‖.(Lewis, 1996). Je ek wrote that they are a combination of words, and the choice of one wordinstead of another is influenced by the second word, which gives the specific meaning thecollocation wants to convey ( Je ek 2005, 178).

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Chapter Three Case Description …………………………7

3.1 Mock conference ……………7

3.2 Analysis of the mistakes ……………......8

Chapter Four Causes leading to collocation problems ………………19

4.1 Language – Culture …………………..19

4.2 Influence of Italian on English and Chinese collocations ………....20

Chapter