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如何巧妙的导入初中历史课堂教学 - 历史教学 - 无忧论文网
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历史教学论文栏目提供最新历史教学论文格式、历史教学硕士论文范文。详情咨询QQ:1847080343(论文辅导)

如何巧妙的导入初中历史课堂教学

日期:2018年01月15日 编辑: 作者:无忧论文网 点击次数:1539
论文价格:免费 论文编号:lw201205231636082008 论文字数:2272 所属栏目:历史教学论文
论文地区:中国 论文语种:中文 论文用途:职称论文 Thesis for Title

  论文帮写样本如何巧妙的导入初中历史课堂教学
  
  摘要:良好的开端是成功的一半。帮写代发论文 price.51lunwen.org在初中历史课堂教学过程中,巧妙地运用不同的导入方法,有利于激发学生的学习兴趣,巩固学习效果,加深对历史知识的印象,达到事半功倍的效果。
  
  关键词:初中历史;课堂教学;导入方法
  
  良好教学效果的取得,不仅要看老师所授内容是否全面、深入,更依赖于老师对课堂教学过程的精妙把握,这需要教师不断摸索和完善各个教学环节,总结经验教训。在初中历史教学中,巧妙的教学导入方法往往能造就一节精彩的课堂。一个成功的导入可以缩短学生与教材之间的距离,马上引起学生的注意力,如同徐徐拉开的帷幕,让同学们一开始便受到强烈的感染,期待着接下来的“演出”,从而为整堂课的成功打下一个良好的基础。因此,精心设计初中历史的课堂导入是教学过程中不可忽视的一个重要环节。
  
  那么在初中历史课堂教学过程中,都有哪些导入方法呢?在此,笔者主要就历史教学过程中常见、有效的几种导入方法作以介绍:
  
  一、复习导入法
  
  复习导入属于历史课传统教学中最常用的导人法,它是根据知识之间的逻辑关系,找准新旧知识的联结点,以旧引新或温故而知新,具有承上启下的作用。虽然这种导人法往往缺少趣味性,但是历史课是时间连贯性很强的课程,根据具体的教学内容精心设计,利用复习旧课而引人新课,有利于知识间的衔接,使学生理解历史概念的因果联系,从而使学生的认识更全面。如学习夏、商、周历史时,用暴君的残暴统治衔接导入效果会更好。夏桀的昏庸、商纣的残忍、周厉王的专制,其结果是毁灭了一代王朝,直接或间接促使了新王朝的建立,这样的衔接,前后照应,过渡自然,使学生容易从以前的知识中很好地转入到新的知识学习上来。
  
  二、悬念导入法
  
  心理学告诉我们,兴趣是众多的非智力因素中最为活跃的一个,也是学生接受教育的感情基础和探求知识、促进思维发展的巨大动力。通过提出问题,设置悬念,可以吸引学生的注意,抓住学生的内心,激发学生的兴趣。例如在教学《“五四”爱国运动》一节时,老师就可以先通过讲火烧赵家楼、痛打章宗祥的故事,引起学生的兴趣,从而激发他们探讨的愿望,然后提出如下疑问:“在第一次世界大战中,中国也是战胜国,为什么在巴黎和会上被当作战败国被瓜分?”通过这样的问题设置,学生们的兴趣就能被吸引住,急切想了解新课内容。因此,教师在进行导入设计时一定要注意激发学生兴趣,有意识地设置一些疑点,激发学生探寻相关历史知识的趣味和欲望,从而引导学生更加主动地去掌握历史知识。
  
  三、影音导入法
  
  历史最大的特点就在于其具有很强的时间性和空间性,对于中学生而言,平铺直叙式的讲述往往很难吸引他们的注意力,因此,教师在教学过程中如果能借助于某种环境因素的刺激,则有可能使学生得创造性思维得以打开。在上新课前,适当地播放与讲授内容有关的影音片段,通过直观的、生动的画面再现“史实”,让学生身临其境地体会某个历史时期的背景或事件,就能激发学生的情感体验,引发他们的情绪,还能很好地加深学生对新知识的了解。如在讲《帝国主义瓜分中国的狂潮》时,我们就可以从电视剧《宋氏三姐妹》中的一个情节导入新课:“看过这部电视剧的同学不知道注意了没有,剧中有这样一个镜头,孙中山拿了一幅画给宋耀如等人看,诸人看了感慨万分,义愤填膺。这是一幅什么画?为什么会引起他们的愤慨?”接着告诉学生,这是一幅帝国主义瓜分中国的图画,这幅画就是教材中的《时局图》,再由讲解该图转入新课的学习,必定能收到很好的效果。
  
  四、史论导入法
  
  在历史教学中抓线索、抓联系是非常重要的。著名史学家翦伯赞先生曾语重心长地指出:“史料如果不被放在它的整体中,放在联系中,那它就是一些孤立的碎片,任何问题也不能说明。”在导入环节中,如果能够利用史料,把已学知识和将学知识之间的联系和线索找出来,将有助于完善课堂教学。历史知识一般由时间、空间、人物、事件几个基本要素构成,因而这几个要素一定要让学生弄清楚,这是上历史课与其他课的最大区别。教室可以将这些要素可演化成为历史的基本线索,并以这些线索把相关知识串联起来,找出他们的联系。比如:以时间的推移为线索,列出大事年表;以空间的转移为线索,按一定的地点区域范围来讲授历史;以历史事件为线索,讲清事件的起因、经过和结果,就可以了解每一种历史现象的兴衰过程。所以,在导入设计时,如果能够把新旧知识之间的联系通过一定的史料线索相互联系起来,并运用它们之间的联系,不仅能使学生加深对已学知识的记忆和巩固,也有助于学生顺利进入对新知识的学习之中。例如,我在讲授西欧早期封建社会时,先请同学们回顾中国封建社会情况,学生们马上想到了中国封建社会的高峰——隋唐时期。在此基础上,我不失时机地提出问题:“你们想知道西欧封建社会与中国封建社会有什么区别吗?西欧的封建社会情况又是如何呢?这节课我们可以试着找出中国封建社会与西欧封建社会相似点和不同点,来进一步了解和掌握这段历史。”
  
  当然,在历史课堂教学过程中远不止上述四种导入方法,如有的老师提出创设历史情景法、对联导入法等等,但是笔者以为,这些导入方法都可以融入到上述四中方法之中。需要注意的是,随着历史教学实践的进一步发展,新的教学导入方法还会被不断被发现;另一方面,上述教学导入方法也并非完全没有关联,教师在设置教学导入时完全可以将它们有机结合起来,这样会取得更佳的教学效果