本文是一篇语言学论文，本文认为，谈判和谈判的概念发展应该基于语境化的洋葱皮模型进行研究。这种方法的主要优点是，它可以将文本分为两层：外层和内层（情境、社会角色领域、知识领域主题和潜文本）。所有语境层的总和有助于概念的转变，这为数字话语分析（DDA）提供了一种全面的分析方法。
1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
International relations (IR) is a subdiscipline of political science. Research foci are war and peace, cooperation, integration, international organizations and other political phenomena at the international system level. As a research field of political science, IR is closely related to philosophy, economics, history, law, geography, sociology, anthropology and psychology. From globalization to territorial disputes, nuclear crisis, nationalism, terrorism and human rights, all are important topics of IR. However, the standardization of terms is the premise of the long-term existence and development of any discipline. If each scholar uses their own sayings, there is no uniform and standard terms, which is not conducive to the academic communication, or to the readers’ studying and understanding of IR[1]. Although linguistic constitution of knowledge in IR is usually settled in a hybrid context, it is meaningful to figure out specialization of knowledge and its de-specialization.
Recent years, Sino-American and Sino-European nations’ negotiations attracted world attention. As a linguistic student, reading related news and English materials become frequent in daily study. Gradually, the author became interested in the negotiation and bargaining, tried to trace the relationship between two term bargaining and negotiation and did some investigations. Early IR scholars largely focused on the issue of race, strategic and security studies. After the financial crisis in 1857, they were more concerned with international political economy. Thus, international bargaining and negotiation constitute a relatively well-defined sub-field of international relations (IR) scholarship. The literature on bargaining and negotiation has seen much interesting research and has been at the forefront of formal work in IR. The terms bargaining and negotiation are frequently used interchangeably in the literature. However, linguistic studies are rarely conducted on comparison and analyses of these two terms, which results in the misuse for some English learners, even the translators or interpreters. In this papers, the author would explore the two terms in the academic field of International Relations.
1.2 Research Objectives and Significance
The first objective of present study is to give a lexicographic and historical exposure of the terms bargaining and negotiation, specifically, to investigate the conceptual development of these two terms within the framework of Digital Discourse Analysis exemplified by International Organization (IO) from 1974 to 2000 by applying the Onion Skin Model of Contextualization. Secondly, the present study attempts to compare the words bargaining and 1.2 Research Objectives and Significance The first objective of present study is to give a lexicographic and historical exposure of the terms bargaining and negotiation, specifically, to investigate the conceptual development of these two terms within the&nbs
