nt. Six sigma can be beneficial in these circumstances to identify the defects. Linderman et al (2003) mentions that six sigma is an organised and systematic method for improvement of process that helps reduce the customer defined defect rate. One of the method used in six sigma for process improvement is DMAIC (define, measure, analyse, improve and control) that helps in process improvement (Linderman et al, 2003).
在AF的背景下，另一个建议是关于绿色。AF是一家食品加工公司，如今的顾客不仅关注食品不耐受，还关注有机肉类。除此之外，这也是一家可持续发展的公司，关心环境和公司员工。在AF中，尽管目标始终是提供最高标准的产品，但如果能够制定一个框架或实施全面质量管理，这将是有益的。TQM将有助于提高AF的绩效，因为它以客户为中心，涉及员工，团队合作可以随着持续改进而发展。在这种情况下，六西格玛有助于识别缺陷。Linderman等人提到，六西格玛是一种有组织、系统的过程改进方法，有助于降低客户定义的缺陷率。六西格玛中用于过程改进的方法之一是DMAIC（定义、测量、分析、改进和控制），它有助于过程改进。
KFC, a US based fast food restaurant chain has a long history of success. The secret recipe of fried chicken by Colonel Harland Sanders, which was found 70 years back, is today the most popular chicken restaurant chain. Today there are more than 20,000 outlets of KFC in 125 countries around the world selling the crispy chicken buckets and burgers. KFC has more than 860 restaurants in the UK (KFC, 2016).
肯德基是一家总部位于美国的快餐连锁店，有着悠久的成功历史。哈兰·桑德斯上校的炸鸡秘方是70年前发现的，现在是最受欢迎的鸡肉连锁餐厅。如今，肯德基在全球125个国家有20000多家分店出售脆皮鸡桶和汉堡。肯德基在英国拥有860多家餐厅。
The five principles to lean as mentioned by Womack and Jones (1996) are value, value stream, flow, pull and perfection. Womack and Jones (1996) mentions that the value needs to be defined from the view of end customer and failure to know the value before the application of lean technique can result in providing wrong value to the end customer. In KFC, customer gets the value of the product with what they pays for. The range of fried chicken, which covers the breakfast, lunch and dinner are provided to the customer in affordable price. Some of the KFC also provides halal chicken targeting the Muslim community. The problem is there might not be good customer service but the customer complaints are handled carefully. For example: If the food is cold, it is exchanged and in some cases refunded. Value stream is about recognising the entire value stream of the product and eliminating waste. The chicken for the KFC comes from the same suppliers that supply to the major supermarkets. KFC also make sure that the chicken are traced from farm to the restaurant by providing a unique supplier code and batch number for each bird.
Womack和Jones提出的精益五大原则是价值、价值流、流动、拉动和完美。Womack和Jones提到，价值需要从最终客户的角度来定义，在应用精益技术之前不知道价值可能会导致向最终客户提供错误的价值。在肯德基，顾客用他们支付的价格来获得产品的价值。炸鸡系列涵盖早餐、午餐和晚餐，以实惠的价格提供给客户。一些肯德基还提供针对穆斯林社区的清真鸡肉。问题是可能没有很好的客户服务，但客户投诉处理得很仔细。例如：如果食物是凉的，就会进行交换，在某些情况下还会退款。价值流是指识别产品的整个价值流并消除浪费。肯德基的鸡肉来自主要超市的供应商。肯德基还为每只鸡提供唯一的供应商代码和批号，以确保从农场到餐厅都能追踪到鸡。
Improving the flow is about finding what actually is creating the waste. In KFC, food waste is the biggest waste. Sometimes overproduction of the chicken when there is unpredictable demand creates lot of waste. To minimise the volume of waste KFC has started the reuse scheme, which distributes the unused cooked food to the charities. Other type of waste can be waiting in a sense that the staff some time has nothing to do and waste the time that in a sense is not creating any value to the company. Again, when there is short of staff the lead-time between the order and the delivery to the customer takes longer. Normally the lead-time target of KFC is to deliver the food to customer in a minute once it is ordered. Pull refers to providing only when the customer wants it or after the end customers order the product. This is quite impossible in the fast food restaurant like KFC. The demand is very unpredictable and is only dependent on the previous records of sale. KFC needs to be very careful while ordering especially the perishable products like chicken and meat items. The other thing is it needs to prepare some amount of chicken all the time and there is time limit for the cooked products. Once the temperature is below what it needs to be it goes to the waste.
改善流量就是要找到真正产生废物的东西。在肯德基，食物浪费是最大的浪费。有时，当有不可预测的需求
