t work, bad weather conditions and natural disasters. AF is aware of environmental risk so it has a good record on animal and livestock procurement. There is full traceability from farm to fork, local sourcing from the approved suppliers and livestock of high standards of Animal Welfare and Husbandry. It supports the local farmers and all the staff receive animal welfare training. The site also has the DEFRA approval so it is very important that the staff working in the site needs to be well trained to avoid any environmental risks.
环境：这类风险会直接影响公司、整个供应链和运营市场。Christopher和Peck提到，这类事件可能是产品污染、工作事故、恶劣天气条件和自然灾害。AF意识到环境风险，因此在动物和牲畜采购方面有着良好的记录。从农场到餐桌，从经批准的供应商到当地采购，以及动物福利和畜牧业高标准的牲畜，都有完全的可追溯性。它支持当地农民，所有工作人员都接受动物福利培训。该场地还获得了DEFRA的批准，因此在该场地工作的员工需要接受良好的培训以避免任何环境风险，这一点非常重要。
These are the risk involved and steps that can be followed to mitigate risk for creating the resilient, traceable and transparent supply chain operations.
这些是所涉及的风险以及可以采取的步骤，以降低风险，从而创建有弹性、可跟踪和透明的供应链运营。
The main benefit of using the lean concept is it to eliminate the waste by using less resources and effort. The continuous improvement (kaizen) helps find the roots of the wastes. One of the recommendation for AF is to use JIT (pull method) because the products are perishable and producing only how much is demanded can help save lots of waste. Being a food processing company, it might not be easy because supplier also needs to have the supply when AF want it. There might occur the bullwhip effect (occurs when there is lack of synchronization in the members of supply chain) when there in unpredictable demand. The communication can be made between the staffs and all working in the different departments of the company to recognize the wastes that are not creating value for the company. This can be turned into benefits if recognized.
本篇留学生作业提出使用精益概念的主要好处是通过使用更少的资源和精力来消除浪费。持续改进（改善）有助于找到废物的根源。AF的建议之一是使用JIT（拉法），因为产品容易腐烂，只生产所需的数量可以帮助节省大量浪费。作为一家食品加工公司，这可能并不容易，因为供应商也需要在AF需要的时候获得供应。当出现不可预测的需求时，可能会出现牛鞭效应（发生在供应链成员缺乏同步的情况下）。可以在员工和公司不同部门的所有工作人员之间进行沟通，以识别没有为公司创造价值的废物。如果得到认可，这可以转化为利益。
To avoid the environmental risks of AF the traceability needs to be tracked all the time. A small mistake can make a big effect in image of the company. The company does have proper training systems and certifications but it needs to be tracked all the time. It is hard to reach in the better position but harder to maintain the position. The other recommendation is the use of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) that can help AF to develop links within the company and to build external relations (Greasley et al, 2015). Greasley et al (2015) mentions that ERP concerns with internal production, distribution and financial processes and may include customer relation management (CRM), Supply chain management (SCM) and supplier relation management (SRM). For the performance measurement of AF, the use of Balance Scorecard can be important. The balance scorecard helps to attract the interest of external stakeholders by measuring the performance in context of financial, customer, business process and growth (Kaplan and Norton, 1996).
为了避免AF的环境风险，需要始终跟踪可追溯性。一个小错误会对公司的形象产生重大影响。该公司确实有适当的培训系统和认证，但需要一直跟踪。在更好的位置很难到达，但要保持这个位置就更难了。另一个建议是使用企业资源规划，这可以帮助AF发展公司内部的联系并建立外部关系。Greasley等人提到，ERP涉及内部生产、分销和财务流程，可能包括客户关系管理、供应链管理和供应商关系管理。对于AF的绩效衡量，平衡记分卡的使用可能很重要。平衡记分卡通过衡量财务、客户、业务流程和增长方面的绩效，有助于吸引外部利益相关者的兴趣。
In context of AF, another recommendation is about being green. AF is the food processing company and customers today are not only concerned about food intolerance but about the organic meats as well. Beyond these, it is also about being sustainable company that cares about environment and the people working in the company. In AF, though the aim is always to provide highest standard product it would be beneficial if a framework can be developed or Total Quality Management can be implemented. TQM will help to improve the performance of AF because it is focused in customer, it involves the employee and teamwork can be developed with continuous improveme
