demand for services however there are fewer resources to meet demand. It is morally challenging to managers to prioritize who to help and who not to
最后，由于最近全面削减预算，管理人员目前面临挑战。对服务的需求更大，但满足需求的资源更少。对管理者来说，优先考虑谁该帮助以及谁不该帮助，在道德上是有挑战性的
In conclusion,总结
Suggested approaches from management science which could alleviate some of the challenges are; the systems approach and contingency approach. With systems approach, managers could discuss their departmental needs in terms of the general organisational requirement. The use of this approach requires open communication and the removal of barriers between the individual departments, also the approach shows management consideration of all the systems involved, synergy that is ”the whole is greater than the sum of its parts,” open and closed systems, limits, movements of information, materials and feedback through which the manager could monitor and evaluate progress reports Hanagan (2008). The second recommended approach is the contingency approach. This approach says that different problems requires different ways of solving them it all depends on how much experience the manager has because what might work well in one situation may not work well in another situation Hanagan (2008). Application of this approach requires that the manager recognises several view points, one of which is the pragmatic view point. Pragmatic viewpoint says that no approach is generally acceptable which means that the manager has to check the motives for every action taken for instance, the services being delivered, the availability of equipment required and also the internal and external environment Hanagan (2008).
Essay给出了管理科学的建议方法可以缓解一些挑战：系统方法和应急方法。通过系统方法，管理人员可以根据一般组织要求讨论其部门需求。使用这种方法需要开放的沟通和消除各个部门之间的障碍，而且这种方法显示了管理层对所有相关系统的考虑，“整体大于其部分的总和”的协同作用，开放和封闭的系统、限制、信息的流动，管理者可以通过这些材料和反馈来监控和评估进度报告。第二种建议的方法是应急方法。这种方法表示，不同的问题需要不同的解决方法，这取决于管理者有多少经验，因为在一种情况下可行的方法在另一种情况中可能不可行。这种方法的应用要求管理者认识到几个观点，其中一个是务实的观点。实用主义观点认为，没有一种方法是普遍可接受的，这意味着管理者必须检查每一项行动的动机，例如，所提供的服务、所需设备的可用性以及内部和外部环境。本站提供各国各专业留学生Essay写作指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。
