s such organisations are influenced by the above factors the more the organisations are considered as public sector organisations Hanagan (2008). Instances of these organisations are; Local Government council, Libraries, the National Police Force, the Defence Ministry, Colleges and Universities. The common features of these organisations are; they are set up to fulfil specific purposes, they are service motivated, they are accountable to many stakeholders and the public, they carry out their duties for the good of the people and they are funded through the use of taxpayers’ money. Avery important challenge to a manager whether in the public sector or in the private sector is to be aware of their relevant stakeholders and operate the organisation in ways which will yield maximum returns to each stakeholder group Bloisi et al (2007).
根据某些因素，组织被划分为公共部门，例如：该组织与类似组织的竞争程度、商品和服务的间接收费以及它允许自己受到商品和服务需求和供应的影响程度。这些组织受上述因素影响越小，就越被认为是公共部门组织。这些组织的实例如下：；地方政府委员会、图书馆、国家警察部队、国防部、学院和大学。这些组织的共同特点是：他们的设立是为了实现特定的目的，他们是服务型的，他们对许多利益相关者和公众负责，他们为人民的利益履行职责，他们通过使用纳税人的钱获得资金。无论是在公共部门还是在私营部门，管理者面临的一个重要挑战是了解他们的相关利益相关者，并以能够为每个利益相关者群体带来最大回报的方式运营组织。
The public sector organisation has a centralised organisational structure whereby authority and decision making is made at the senior managerial level. Organisational structure is a connected arrangement of positions and work units through which the important tasks of an organisation are subdivided and categorised to form decision centres from where the strategic plans of the organisation are carried out Bloisi et al (2007). Most of these organisations have a Matrix design structure which enables double responsibility and reporting roles with particular projects. Bloisi et al (2007). The managers in the matrix organisation are challenged by the constant need to resolve conflicts due to differences in perspectives and priority Bloisi et al (2007). For instance, the organisational structure of the Northampton Borough Council has over five managerial levels of management.
公共部门组织有一个集中的组织结构，权力和决策由高级管理层做出。组织结构是一种职位和工作单位的连接安排，通过该安排，组织的重要任务被细分和分类，以形成决策中心，组织的战略计划从决策中心执行。这些组织中的大多数都有矩阵设计结构，能够在特定项目中承担双重责任和报告角色。由于视角和优先级的差异，矩阵组织中的管理者面临着解决冲突的持续需求的挑战。例如，北安普顿自治市议会的组织结构有五个以上的管理层。
According to Nicole Macdonald, a HR Manager Strategy with the council, one of the challenges they have is getting approval to carry out plans as quickly as possible. The council has about forty-seven councillors through whom decisions are made. These councillors represent different political fronts. Sometimes it is difficult to reach a consensus on certain issues and therefore arriving at a decision is elongated said, Cassie Triggs, a Democratic & Chief Executive Services Manager at the Northampton Borough Council. The manager in the private sector will in relation to their organisational structure which is much flatter be able to arrive at a decision much quicker. Private sector organisational structures are designed to embrace the pace of changes in technology and also to survive. Flatter structure allows for incorporation of ideas from almost every employee in the organisation Bloisi et al (2007). The manager in the private sector will be challenged by how to control an employee who is working from home and coming to the place of work only one day in a working week Naylor (2004).
根据理事会人力资源经理战略部的妮可·麦克唐纳的说法，他们面临的挑战之一是尽快获得批准实施计划。该委员会约有47名议员，通过他们做出决定。这些议员代表不同的政治阵线。北安普敦自治市议会民主党和首席执行官服务经理卡西·特里格斯表示，有时很难就某些问题达成共识，因此做出决定的时间很长。私营部门的管理者将能够根据其组织结构更快地做出决定。私营部门的组织结构旨在适应技术变革的步伐，并生存下来。扁平化的结构允许将组织Bloisi等人中几乎所有员工的想法纳入其中。私营部门的管理者将面临如何控制在家工作且在一个工作周内只有一天来到工作地点的员工的挑战。
Included in the challenges encountered by managers in the public sector are challenges due to the cultural beliefs of the organisation. Organisational culture is ”the way we do things around here” Robbins et al (2009). According to Meek (1988), organisational culture could be used as a means to find out how people behave in a complex setting Hanagan, (2008). Organisational culture can be something abstract or people
