讨论在现代经济“非标准”工作正在成为标准
In the modern economy ‘non-standard’ jobs are becoming standard, discuss
在现代经济中，“非标准”工作正在成为标准。“认真讨论这一说法，并解释这种趋势对工人的可能影响
“In the modern economy, ‘non-standard’ jobs are becoming standard.” Critically discuss this statement and explain the possible impact of this trend on workers
Introduction 简介
在当今世界经济中，非标准工作的概念在当今时代已经上升到标准工作。大量的就业人员仍然有一个全职工作，但有一个缓慢下降，由于各种形式的非标准工作正在增加。有些人喜欢兼职工作，这样他们可以有时间从事其他活动。多年来，社会上一直有自己的账户自雇增加，以及合同或临时工作协议.。自本世纪中叶以来，从事一项以上工作的人的水平在不断提高.。在公共部门和私营部门的雇主试图提高他们的灵活性，以及降低成本，通过更大限度地使用合同劳动，临时和兼职劳动。基于这样的发展趋势，现代经济是失去工作岗位标准和非标准将最终成为标准的工作。
In the current world economy, the concept of non-standard work has risen in the current times as compared to standard work. A good number of employed people still have a single full-time job, but there is a slow decline due to the various forms of non-standard jobs that are increasing. Some people prefer part time work so that they can get time to engage in other activities. Over the years there has been own account self-employment increase as well as contract or temporary work agreements in the society. Since the mid of the century, the level of people who are in more than one job has being increasing. Employers in public and private sectors have attempted to raise their flexibility as well as reduce costs through making greater use of contract labour, temporary and part time labour. Based on this trend, the modern economy is losing standard jobs and working with non-standard jobs that will eventually become standard, (Felstead et al, 1999)
The booming UK economy, as well as a strong market in the late 1990s, had benefits to all workers. UK unemployment rates reduced and the real wages grew even to people with the bottom line in the economy ladder. In overall, the tight labour markets had positive benefits to non-standard workers through raising wages, reducing job dissatisfaction and increasing pension. Despite these, the gaps in compensations are higher and substantial in non-standard jobs especially the on call employment, (Hunter et al., 1993).
Although most of people who were in lower end of the non-standard jobs were young people and women, the trend has changed, (OECD, 2002). More people are going for non-standard jobs and leaving standard jobs due to various reasons. There was a time when non-standard jobs were for less educated people, but trends have changed, and even people who are educated are going for non-standard jobs that have turned to be standard jobs in the economy. Although women are over-represented in temporary works, gender differences are the key aspects that are experienced in some few countries. The difference has been reduced due to the high concentrations of temporary jobs are based on manual jobs. In a study conducted by Rodgers and Rodgers (1989), the characteristics of those who are better off are different from the worse off characteristics population. The situation applies especially to contract jobs, self-employment, and part-time work, (Hudson, 2009).
The above stated characteristics apply to non-standard workers, and they are likely to be stronger in the future. Modern economy is changing because people are going for nonstandard jobs as compared to standard jobs. In tradition working system, people were looking for standard jobs and leaving nonstandard jobs to women. Non-standard jobs are currently well paying and some are in the same range level with standard jobs. Since nonstandard jobs are not commanding and wanting compared to standard jobs, people prefer to go for the non-standard jobs. Contractors in the modern economy are going for options that are flexible with their employment and options that help them save on costs of their operations. Compared to standard jobs, nonstandard jobs are becoming fame and increasing in the modern economy where they have replaced the standard jobs, (Hunter et al, 1993).
With no doubts, the types of jobs that are in any given economy reflect the stipulated interaction of the demand by firms for labour t
