1978年改革开放后，中国经济急剧增长，1978年中国国内生产总值（GDP）为3645亿元人民币。它在2009增长到34兆510亿元。平均年增长率从1978增长到9.7%。是什么让不同让中国大幅增长？改革开放前后最为不同的是1978年改革开放，改革开放中最重要的是社会主义市场。中国的经济增长是中国式的社会主义，按照邓小平的说法，“社会主义和资本主义之间的本质差异并非取决于计划向市场的比例。规划不等于社会主义，因为资本主义有计划。市场不等于资本主义，社会主义有市场。规划和市场都是发展经济的工具，“也就是说，社会主义市场。
Introduction 简介
After the reform and opening-up in 1978, Chinese economy has increased sharply, The Chinese gross domestic product (GDP) in 1978 was RMB 364.5 billion. It grew to RMB 34051 billion in 2009. The average annual growth rate grew 9.7 percent from 1978 to 2005. What made the different and let China growth sharply? The most difference before and after 1978 is the reform and opening-up; and the most important thing in the reform and opening-up is the socialist market. China's growth is the Chinese style socialism, according to Deng Xiaoping, "The essential disparity between socialism and capitalism does not rest on the ratio of plan to market. Planning does not equal socialism, for capitalism has plans. Market does not equal capitalism, for socialism has markets. Both planning and markets are tools to develop the economy." That is, the socialist market.
Theoretical Background - the socialist market economy 理论背景-社会主义市场经济
In this section, I would like to talk about what socialist market economy is. It is a fundamental concept of this paper. In order to answer this question, we should know what the meaning of market is and what the meaning of socialist is, are there any contradictions between market and socialism?
The word "socialist" or "socialism" is always seen as command system. For command system, most property resources are government owned and economic decision making occurs through a central economic plan. Almost all the major decisions about the use of resources, the composition and distribution of output, and the organization of production are made by the government. Most of business firms are owned by the government and the production is commanded by the government directives. Production goals and the amount of resources to be allocated to each enterprise are determined by the government, so that it can reach its production goals. The government's long-term priorities determine the division of output between capital and consumer goods.
A pure command economy would rely exclusively on a central plan to allocate the government-owned property resources. But, in reality, even the preeminent command economy, Soviet Union tolerated some private ownership and incorporated some markets before its collapse in 1992. (Bure & Mcconnll 2007).
The word market is always represented by market system or capitalism. Market or capitalism is characterized by the private ownership of resources and the use of markets and price to coordinate and direct economic activity. People work in their own self-interest. Everyone seek to achieve their economic goals through their own decisions regarding work, consumption or production. The system allows for the private ownership of capital, communicates through prices, and coordinates economic activity through markets where buyers and sellers come together. Goods and services are produced and resources are supplied by whoever is willing and able to do so. The result is competition among independently acting buyers and sellers of each product and resource. Thus, economic decision making is widely dispersed. Also the higher potential monetary rewards create higher incentives for existing firms to innovate and entrepreneurs to pioneer new products and processes. (Bure & Mcconnll 2007)
It seems that the word "market" and "socialist" are basically contradicted because of the forms of ownership. "Market" stresses that the form ownership should be private while "Socialist" emphasizes that the form ownership should be public. That makes the main different between "market" and "socialist". In addition, the guidance of economic activities in market system is the price, but in command system, the guidance of economic activities is a central econo
