e, African growth and opportunity act presents conditional causality because trade operations did not achieve economic growth capable translated in poverty alleviation, job creation, industrial expansion, infrastructure improvement, quality access to health care and education.
The objective of this study is to investigate strengths and weakness of trade between the United States and Sub Sahara Africa in line with trade deficits to determine the "causal relationship between economic reforms, trade openness and economic growth" (Chimobi et al., 2010, p. 7). Previous empirical studies are ambiguous on the direction of causality between the three macroeconomic variables in a linear regression model to forecast increase of trade under the African growth and opportunity act.
目的陈述——Purpose Statement
The purpose of this exploratory research is to identify and clarify the ambiguous problem of trade deficit and capacity building raised by trade between United States and sub Sahara Africa under the African growth and opportunity act the last five years from 2005 to 2010. Primary data to complete this task will be drawn from surveys of knowledgeable participants selected at the office of US trade office representative, Sub Sahara Africa representative missions in the United States, American and African business communities. Previous researches and trade statistics obtained from U.S. International Trade Commission pertaining to African growth and opportunity act will serve as secondary data. Diagnostic analysis of these data will sharpen the focus of this research to suggest new orientation of the African growth and opportunity act in order to establish linkage between economic reforms, trade openness and economic growth that help the United States develop trade policy that utilize each Sub Sahara African countries economic strengths to mitigate unbalanced trade and Sub Sahara African countries to create competitive advantage model that focus on type of manufacture capable to reduce reliance on mainly unprocessed, low value added primary commodities, production capability building, global marketing to move them from "colonial legacy and reliance on a few export commodities by building strong trading partnerships beyond their colonial trading ties" (Ofori-Brobbey, Ojode, & Woldu, 2011, p. 1) and business-education based culture to change trade dynamic.
调查问题——Research Questions
Despite verifiable findings by Khan, Khan and Khan (2012) suggesting that trade liberalization can have a positive and beneficial effect on economic growth if supported by appropriate sequencing of prudent macroeconomic policies including good management, integrated and strengthened efforts made by domestic institutions, focused and targeted flow of foreign direct investment (FDF's) towards export-oriented industries and services, and improved market access , Seyoum (2007) explored the performance of international trade under the Africa growth and opportunity act and find a valid conclusion leading to believe that none of the other limitations frequently cited in the Sub Sahara African context such as poor infrastructure, distorted product and credit markets, high risk, inadequate social capital, and poor public services proved to be binding constraints to expanding trade under the Africa growth and opportunity act. This is one very long and compounded sentence. Please revise for your concept paper. Non-perceived societal constrains impede international trade between the United States and Sub Sahara Africa under Africa growth and opportunity act. The
