说起毕业论文dissertation，想必大多数英国留学生们都应该比较熟悉了，平时老师会布置各式各样的作业论文，到了毕业的时期，英国的同学们同样需要交上一篇令学院和老师满意的dissertation论文。对于英国毕业论文怎么写，大体的框架结构和格式规范等方面，大家可能在前期通过各个学校的handbook就可以了解到细致的要求。
但是除去这些，经过自己一段时期的观察研究而定好毕业论文的主题和论点后，用什么样的研究方法去研究分析、如何条理清晰有理有据的开展分析、以及如何连贯性地回归到自己的论点结论上来，很多同学在写这些核心部分时往往是比较犯难的。在这其中，你的毕业论文dissertation起始要用什么样的研究方法是非常重要了，英国的论文体系里论证方法很多，有归纳、演绎、举例、反证等等，你都可以使用，就看哪一种论证方法最适合你的主题、最便于去分析解剖你的观点以使其成立，当然了最终目的是要让阅者老师信服。
下面我们就为大家详细介绍一下在英国毕业论文dissertation中有哪些论证方法。
归纳论证法
归纳论证法指的是通过对一些个别事物进行研究和分析，从而找到普遍规律的一种论证方法。
人们对于世界的客观认识，是来源于接触一个个具体的事物后，从个别性而演化成一般性的一个过程，从而能够很好地揭示事物的本质特点。
对于人们认知来说，归纳论证法更加符合人们的循序前进的思维模式，符合人们对客观事物的一般认识规律。
演绎推理法
演绎推理法指的是我们从已知的原理去分析其他的事物，继而得出新观点的方法。
演绎推理法和上面的归纳论证法刚好是相反的两种论证方式。归纳论证是通过多个个别观点，总结出新观点的方法；而演绎论证法是从一般到个别的方法。
演绎推理法具有较强的逻辑性和说服力，也是我们常使用的论证方法，它能为论文增添色彩。
举例法
举例法（证明法、例证法）理解起来也很简单，就是通过举例子的方法或者选择具有代表性的事例来证明论点。
选择事例时，历史和现实事例都是可以的。其中，历史事例遵循援古证今、古为今用的原则，它的作用是为了让人们更好的对现实生活进行思考；现实事例一般是发生在当代的事情，尽量选择大家比较熟悉的，遵循着辨明是非、选精取真的原则。
通过一两个合适的例子，就可以论证自己的观点。
反证法
反证法指的是通过举反面的例子，得出反面观点不正确性，从而佐证文中的观点。
反证法一般可以与举例法搭配使用，达到更好的论证效果。
因果法
因果法指的是通过原因分析结果，或者根据结果来推导原因。
因果法是我们最经常使用的论证方法，这种方法很容易用在观点的展开和论证。如果没有其他论证方式，可以用这种方法来进行有效的分析，总体来说既可以保证文章的质量，也可以保证论点有根有据。
附上一篇优质的英国毕业论文Dissertation，大家可以结合上面介绍的论文类型学习一下。
The relationship between the circular economy and sustainability
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter 3: Methodology
Chapter 4: Results and Findings
Chapter 5: Conclusion
References
Chapter 1: Introduction
There is an urgent need to address the development and implementation of more sustainable production and consumption processes to find a solution to the economic, societal and environmental challenges which these processes are creating and sustaining (Geissdoerfer et al 2017; Mulvihill and Harris Ali 2017; George et al 2016; Markard 2012). These challenges include addressing environmental problems which includes issues such as loss of biodiversity; water, air and soil pollution; the decreasing level of finite resources and excessive land use through deforestation (Eggleton 2013; Galaz et al 2012; Rockstrom et al 2009). Societal challenges include a lack of work opportunities and access to education in many parts of the world; poor working conditions including child labour and long working hours; increased levels of poverty; inter- and intragenerational equity; and increasing levels of inequalities between rich and poor societal stakeholders (Mulvihill and Harris Ali 2017; Dobson 2016; Crane and Matten 2016). Economic issues include increased levels of risk in the supply chain; the liberalisation of trade; market deregulation and the pursuit of short term profits (Mulvihill and Harris Ali 2017; Dobson 2016; Crane and Matten 2016; Sachs 2015).
These environmental, societal and economic challenges are all components of sustainability which stresses the need to address these through re-designing and innovating to ensure higher levels of intra and inter-generational equality and equity (Geissdoerfer et al 2017; Crane and Matten 2016). This concept of sustainability has been the basis of global initiatives such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and has seen an increasing number of stakeholders, including businesses, engage in this process (United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2019).
One of the business models and innovations which are perceived as being able to address these challenges is the Circular Economy which undertakes a restorative and regenerative approach to resource use (Ellen MacArthur Foundation 2017a; Pauli 2017; Braungart and McDonough 2009). The adoption of the Circular Economy is being undertaken on both a national level such as with the European Circular Economy package and at a business level by individual businesses (European Union 2019; Ellen MacArthur Foundation 2017a). There has therefore been an increased level of awareness, both amongst academic researchers and businesses, of the opportunities of the Circular Economy (Geissdoerfer et al 2017; Moreno et al 2016). However, whilst there is an incr
