戴叔伦与佛教相关事迹丛考Textual Research onDai Shulun and Buddhism-related Stories

摘要

唐大历时期佛教兴盛、佛寺林立，文人生活和文学发展多少受其影响，文人游览佛寺或寄居寺院甚至居家修行都很习见。同时佛教本土化、世俗化趋势加强，僧人行迹不囿于寺庙，多与文坛、政坛发生关联，文人与僧人交游渐成风气。戴叔伦是大历间著名文人，与当时诗僧、文人多有过从，对他的研究有助于拓展和深化对大历诗坛的全面认识。惜乎其诗集散佚严重，集中窜入伪作较多，当今学界对戴叔伦的研究又主要集中在对其诗作的辨伪和生平考证上，对戴叔伦诗歌中与佛教相关的情况缺乏细致的整理。因此本文以确考出自戴叔伦之手的诗作为研究对象，结合大历间社会风气、文坛概况和戴叔伦个人生平背景，梳理了戴叔伦结交并与之唱和的部分隐士和僧人，并考稽其行访过的寺院，以期对戴叔伦与佛教相关事迹作出归纳整理和材料上的补充完善。并综合考察了佛教对戴叔伦诗歌创作和出处行迹的影响，在对戴叔伦个人与佛教事迹的相关考辩中折射出大历时期文人与僧人交游的情况。
关键字：戴叔伦佛教僧人交游

Abstract

Buddhism flourished and temples mushroomed during Dali period in Tang dynasty, which somehow affected literati`s life and literary development. It is common that literati visiting the Buddhist temple or dwelling in it and even practicing Buddhism at home. With the localization and secularization of Buddhism, monk trying to have relationship with literacy and policy instead of staying in temples, the communication between literati and monk was becoming popular. Dai Shulun is a very famous poet in Dali period, he contact with many poets and monk at that time. The research of him will help to expand and deepen the comprehensive understanding of the poetry in Dali period. However, his collection of poems have lost many contents and there are many pseudograph in it.Today's academic research on Dai Shulun mainly concentrated in the detection of forgeries of its poetry and life research, lack of meticulous sorting on Buddhism-related poetry.This paper takes the poems which have been tested written by Dai Shulun as research object. To organizing and supplementing the materials of Dai Shulun with Buddhism-related deeds , this paper combing part of hermits and monks who have communication with Dai Shulun and studying at the temples he went. All these are based on complex relationship between the development of literacy in Dali period and the background of Dai Shulun.Moreover, this article do comprehensive survey of the influence of Buddhism on the the Dai Shulun poetry writing and life path, expecting that it can reflect the overview of the communication between literati and monk in Dali period.

Key Words: Dai ShulunBuddhism Monk Communication

目录

摘要………………………………………………………………………………II
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………III
绪论………………………………………………………………………………V
第一章戴叔伦所处时代及个人背景……………………………………………………1
第一节时代风尚——佛教兴盛与僧俗交往……………………………………………1
第二节家世生平——儒释道的交汇和仕与隐的矛盾………………………………2
第二章戴叔伦交游小考……………………………………………………4
第一节与处士隐士之交游…………………………………………………4
1.秦系……………………………………………………………………………5
2.朱放……………………………………………………………………………6
3.陆羽……………………………………………………………………………7
4.张众甫及其他……………………………………………………………7
第二节与禅林僧侣之交游………………………………………………………8
1.怀素………………………………………………………………………………8
2.少微……………………………………………………………………………9
3.道虔…………………………………………………………………………10
4.方外…………………………………………………………………………11
第三节小结…………………………………………………………………12
第三章戴叔伦行游佛寺小考……………………………………………………………12
第一节寄居…………………………………………………………………12
第二节游览聚会…………………………………………………………………14
第三节小结……………………………………………………………………16
余论……………………………………………………………………………17
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………19
附录………………………………………………………………………………………21
后记…………………………………………………………………………………27

绪论

戴叔伦（732-789）既是大历贞元时期以政绩卓著闻名的循吏，也因其诗歌创作方面的成就被后人尊为“诗伯”。然而其诗集散逸严重，再加上明人滥刻误收，致使今天留存下来的戴诗不仅数量少，且辨伪工作艰巨。因为散逸严重的缘故，今天读到的戴诗多是送赠应酬之作，与同时期韦应物、刘长卿等中唐诗人集中大量的咏怀诗、纪行诗等相比，官场上的酬唱诗往往很难准确透露出诗人真正的创作心态和观念。因此，现当代为数不多的对戴叔伦的研究往往也是集中在对其生平交游的考证，如傅璇琮、蒋寅、熊飞、陶敏等对戴叔伦的生平系年和作品考辩做了一些考证和整理，为进一步深入研究戴氏做出了基础性的工作。傅璇琮的《戴叔伦的事迹系年及作品真伪考辨》对戴叔伦生平做了大致系年，并对部分作品真伪做了考辩，较早地为戴叔伦研究提供了系统资料。此后，蒋寅通过对涉及戴叔伦所有资料的广搜遍辑，成功发掘不见于《全唐文》和本人别集的梁肃撰《戴叔伦神道碑铭》与较《两浙金石志》和《全唐文》更为完整的陆长源撰《东阳县令戴叔伦去思颂》两手材料，为戴叔伦生平及诗歌研究提供了更完整的材料。蒋寅先后发表论文对戴叔伦两居江西、任东阳县令、卒年等做了可资借鉴的考辩，并于1993年出版《戴叔伦诗集校注》，系年、辨伪、注释工作扎实，校注部分后还附有戴文辑存、年谱简编、传记资料、事迹杂录四部分重要参考资料，为研究者提供了有益的参考，是第一本戴叔伦研究的专著。正因其首创，也存在着系年较有争议、注释不详或不切之弊病。熊飞的《戴叔伦生平考补》、《戴叔伦交游考》、《戴叔伦年谱简编》等也就戴叔伦生平及交游与蒋寅作出一定探讨。另外，陶敏、高中坡等发表了戴叔伦研究综述，为了解当时和现在的戴叔伦研究状况提供了系统的材料和综述。
因为戴叔伦集的混乱局面，与考察戴叔伦生平和诗集辨伪的工作相比，对戴叔伦诗歌风格的研究和探讨相对较少，目前国内主要研究有蒋寅《论戴叔伦诗》、李金坤《戴叔伦及其诗初探》，都结合其生平对戴叔伦创作活动和诗歌风格做出较高评价，傅璇琮在论及戴叔伦生平时也对戴叔伦诗歌的社会地位和历史成就给出较高评价。目前国内也有少数研究生在毕业论文选题时涉及戴叔伦诗歌创作和生平研究。然而与浩如烟海的其他中唐