论文摘要写什么
论文摘要是对“论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述”。其作用主要是为读者阅读、信息人员及计算机检索提供方便。一般不超过200字、
2.1摘要的要素主要包括以下4个方面的内容：
• ①研究目的。准确描述该研究的目的，说明提出问题的缘由，表明研究的范围和重要性。
• ②研究方法。简要说明研究课题的基本设计， 使用了什么材料和方法，所用的仪器及设备，如何分组对照，研究范围和精确程度，数据是如何取得的，经何种统计学方法处理。
• ③结果。简要列出该研究的主要结果，有什么新发现，说明其价值和局限。叙述要具体、准确并给出结果的置信值及统计学显著性检验的确切值。
• ④ 结论。简要地说明经验，论证取得的正确观点及理论价值或应用价值，是否还有与此有关的其它问题有待进一步研究，是否可推广应用等。
2.2论文摘要的撰写要求
（1）论文摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有一次文献同等量的主要信息，即不阅读文献的 全文，就能获得必要的信息。因此，摘要是一种可以被引用的完整短文。
（2）用第三人称。作为一种可阅读和检索的独立使用的文体，摘要只能用第三人称而不 用其他人称来写。有的摘要出现了“我们”、“作者”、“本文”作为摘要陈述的主语，一般讲，这 会减弱摘要表述的客观性，有时也会出现逻辑上讲不通。
（3）排除在本学科领域方面已成为常识的或科普知识的内容。
（4）不得简单地重复论文篇名中已经表述过的信息。
（5）要客观如实地反映原文的内容，要着重反映论文的新内容和作者特别强调的观点。
（6）要求结构严谨、语义确切、表述简明、一般不分段落；切忌发空洞的评语，不作模棱两 可的结论。
（7）要采用规范化的名词术语，不用非共知共用的符号及名词术语。
（8）不进行自我评价。
论文摘要格式
Abstract: Based on the analysis of the impact of skill-bias due to technical progress on the wage structure, this research studies the labor market situation in China. Using both micro and macro data, statistical method and wage function are measured to study the impact of the technical rising due to education on wage structure and the Gini coefficient among working people with the same education level. The conclusion based on this study shows that skill-bias raises wage inequality in China. But what is different from developed countries is that the less skilled labor’s wage is increasing instead of decreasing. The main reason for expanding wage inequality is that increasing rate of wage of skilled labors is higher than that of less skilled ones. The policy implications suggest that improving low skilled labors’ skill is an efficient method to reduce the wage inequality.
(Translated by Li WU)
摘要：本文在对技术进步的技能偏向性对工资结构影响的分析基础上，利用宏观统计数据和微观调查数据，用统计方法和工资方程，研究中国技术进步的技能偏向性对就业人员的工资结构的影响，并计算出教育的技能升水和同等受教育程度就业人员收入的基尼系数。研究结果表明，中国的技术进步的技能偏向性使得工资结构出现宽化现象，但是与发达国家不同的是，中国低技能劳动力的工资是在上升的，收入状况没有恶化，工资结构的宽化主要来源于高技能劳动力的工资上升速度超过低技能劳动力的工资的上升速度。研究的政策含义是为了缩小中国的收入不平等，迅速提高低技能劳动力的技能是一个很好的途径。
[3] "Wage, Subjective Utility and Rural Labor Migration"
工资报酬，效用感觉与农村劳动力流动
Xingxiang Zhang (张兴祥), The School of Economics, Xiamen University, China (厦门大学经济学院)
December 18, 2006
Section 9 (English) Keynote Session V: Applied Labor Economics (I)
[1] "Computer Usage, Destination Language Proficiency and Earnings of Natives and Immigrants"
当地及移民人群中电脑普及率、语言熟练度与收入间的关系研究
Barry R. Chiswick, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA and IZA-Institute for the Study of Labor, Germany (美国伊利诺大学芝加哥校区经济系主任)
Paul W. Miller, University of Western Australia, Australia
Abstract: This paper uses the concept of a computer as a public good within the household to model and estimate the demand for computers at home. It also investigates the determinants, and consequences for earnings, of computer use. The equations are estimated using data on the native born and immigrants from the 2001 Census of Population and Housing in Australia.
The multivariate analyses show that recent arrivals are more likely to use computers than the Australian born. The data suggests a high degree of favorable selection in migration as the level of computer use in Australia is much higher than in most of the countries that Australia’s immigrants come from. Those with a higher permanent income (education, household assets) are more likely to have a computer at home, but there is no effect of transitory income (unemployment). Immigrants who are more proficient in English are also more likely to use a computer. The relation between age and computer use is strongly influenced by cohort effects.
Using a computer at home is associated with about 7 percent and 13 percent higher earnings for native born and foreign born men, respectively. For the immigrants, the effects of schooling and English language proficiency on earnings are greater among those who use a computer at home. This suggests complementarity in the labor market. The use of a computer is shown to be a way the foreign born can increase the international transferability of their pre-immigration skills, a fin
