ede在1977年进行的研究，受教育程度较低、地位较低的国家往往产生较高的PDI值，而受教育程度较高、地位较高的国家则往往产生较低的PDI价值。教育是主导因素。如果人们没有受过教育，他们就无法在等级制度中获得更高的职位，所以他们最终总是处于等级制度的底层。
Individualism (IDV) –个人主义
Uncertainty avoidance (UAI) – uncertainty avoidance deals with the level of worry that people have for the future of a country and also the necessary needs to protect the society trough kinds of measures: technology, rules and rituals. High anxiety leads to higher stress and a more hurried social life but also to higher energy release which means and inner urge to be busy. On the high UAI side anxiety is more released trough the showing of emotions for which society has created outlets. So basically they are more open to deal with problems and will try to solve if there is any. For lower UAI anxiety is released more trough passive relaxation, which is not a good thing because emotions need to be controlled. However there is more openness to change in low UAI. In other hand on the high UAI there is more conservatism and a stronger desire for law and order.
不确定性规避——不确定性规避涉及人们对国家未来的担忧程度，以及通过各种措施保护社会的必要需求：技术、规则和仪式。高度焦虑会导致更大的压力和更匆忙的社交生活，但也会导致更高的能量释放，这意味着内心渴望忙碌。在高UAI方面，焦虑更多地通过社会为其创造出口的情绪表现来释放。因此，基本上，他们更愿意处理问题，如果有问题，他们会尽力解决。对于较低的UAI来说，焦虑更多地通过被动放松来释放，这不是一件好事，因为情绪需要控制。然而，在低UAI的情况下，人们对变革持更开放的态度。另一方面，在高UAI上，有更多的保守主义和对法律和秩序的更强烈的渴望。
Masculinity (MAS) – 男性气质
Masculine cultures use the biological existence of two sexes to define very different social roles for men and women. They expect men to be assertive, ambitious, and competitive, and to strive for material success, and to respect whatever is big, strong, and fast.(Geert Hofstede)
男性文化利用两性的生物学存在来定义男性和女性截然不同的社会角色。他们希望男人有主见、有野心、有竞争力，努力获得物质上的成功，尊重任何大、强、快的东西。
Masculinity refers to how many a society sticks with, and values, traditional male and female roles. Countries that have High MAS scores tend to give the man a more superior role than the women. Men are thought to be the providers, assertive and to be strong. For example in Arabic countries it is likely that a women is seen working in a male environment. Or have the same profession as a male. Females do not have the same right as men. Especially in Saudi Arabia women are not even allowed to drive a car. In these countries it is very hard for a female to do business because it’s a male’s job because they are not allowed to have physical contact with a man they are also not allowed to wear certain types of clothes. This does not refer to all the Arab countries. In some of the countries female are getting more rights and are working themselves up the hierarchy. In a low MAS society the situation is different and men and women share equal rights, which means that men and women have the same profession without one being discriminated due her gender.
男性气概是指一个社会有多少人坚持传统的男性和女性角色，并重视这些角色。MAS得分高的国家往往会赋予男性比女性更优越的角色。男人被认为是供养者，自信而坚强。例如，在阿拉伯国家，女性很可能在男性环境中工作。或者与男性有相同的职业。女性没有与男性同等的权利。尤其是在沙特阿拉伯，妇女甚至不被允许开车。在这些国家，女性很难做生意，因为这是男性的工作，因为她们不允许与男性发生身体接触，也不允许穿某些类型的衣服。这并不是指所有阿拉伯国家。在一些国家，女性获得了更多的权利，并在等级制度中晋升。在低MAS社会中，情况是不同的，男性和女性享有平等的权利，这意味着男性和女性拥有相同的职业，没有人因性别而受到歧视。
Long term orientation (LTO) – this dimension was added later by Hofstede 长期定向–此维度后来由Hofstede添加
Over the years people have had a critical view on Hofstede’s 4 dimensions. To overcome this problem Hofstede introduced a fifth dimension. In this dimension he was trying to find out the different thinking between the east and the west. He used the information from the original IBM study. It was a difference that could not be figured out. To do this dimension a research was carried out on 23 countries and was called the Chinese Value Survey (CVS).
多年来，人们对霍夫斯泰德的四个维度有着批判性的看法。为了克服这个问题，霍夫斯泰德引入了第五维度。在这个维度上，他试图找出东西方思想的不同。他使用了IBM最初研究中的信息。这是一个无法理解的差异。为了做到这一点，对23个国家进行了一项研究，称为中国价值调查。
“Long Term Orientation stands for the fostering of virtues oriented towards future rewards, in particular perseverance and thrift. It’s opposite pole, Short Term Orientation, stands for the fostering of virtues related to the past and present, in particular, respect for tradition, preservation of ‘f
