现代铁路机车被誉为“工程的胜利”。在英国，奇妙的设计和方便旅客的风格为乘务员提供了轻松愉快的旅程。毫无疑问，由于间接的照明、明亮的颜色和现代的命名设施，以及先进的技术，这些设施为旅客提供了优越的旅行体验，所以火车是人们的首选的。然而，这些设施是以增加重量为代价的，或者说以技术为代价的。根据英国医学杂志上发表的报告，英国超重肥胖者的数量从1999年的43%上升到2007年的53%。实际上，英国铁路网的车辆也是如此。
本文对比重增加的基本问题、比重过高产生的操作技术原因、安全问题等进行了研究，重点介绍了降低比重的可能方法，以及提高比重的技术措施。这些方法包括材料升级、改进形状设计和去除不必要的行李。
Modern railway rollingstock is acclaimed as a ‘triumph of engineering'.In Britain,a combination offantastic design and passenger-friendly style provide spassengers with aclean and pleasant journey. There is no doubt thatnew trains are preferred, in virtue of the indirect lighting,bright colours and moder name nities, as well as advanced technologies,which provide a superior travelexperience for the passengers.However, these amenities come at a price,which isthe increased weight,or, for technically minded readers, massger passenger space.According to reports publishedin theBritish MedicalJournal, the number of overweight orobese people inthe UK has risen from 43% in 1999 to 53% in2007.Indeed, it is the same case for the rollingstock usedfor the British railway network.
In this article, a study of thef undamental issuesabout the increasing specific mass,the operational and technical reasons behind, and safety issues resulted from the over-high specific mass is presented.More importantly, potential methods toreduce the specific mass are described, together with estimated weight saving for each method.These methods include upgrading of materials, improved shape design and removal of unnecessary luggage.
Table of Contents目录
List of Figures 4
List of Tables 5
1.Introduction 6
1.1Assignment brief 6
1.2 Methodology 6
1.3 Scope 6
1.4Assignment structure 6
2. Background 7
3. Eigenvalue analysis 10
3.1 Vibration 10
3.2 Eigenvalue 10
3.3 Vibration modes 13
3.4 Modal analysis at different speeds and conicities 13
3.5 Ride quality analysis 14
4. Conclusions 15
5. Recommendations 15
References 17
List of Figures图片预览
Figure 1 (a) Current mainline railway lines in the United Kingdom; (b) Rail passenger numbers in Great Britain, 1830–2012 (millions) 8
Figure 2 A variety of rolling stock in railway yard 9
Figure 3 B07 stock train in 2008 livery at Poplar DLR station 9
Figure 4 3D railway model 11
Figure 5 Simulation of train vibration by DeltaRail Vampire Freeware 12
Figure 6 Simulation using DeltaRail Vampire Freeware 12
List of Tables表格预览
Table 1 Vehicle Parameters for Modal Analysis 10
1.Introduction介绍
In this article, a study of thefundamental issues about the increasing specificmass,the operational and technical reasons behind, and safety issues resulted from the over-highspecificmass is presented. More importantly, potential methods toreduce the specificmass are described, together with estimated weight saving for each method.
In summary, upgrading of materials,improved shape design and removal of unnecessary luggageare the three methods commonly used to reduce the net weight of the trains, especially the high speed ones. Among these methods, upgrading of materialsis believed to be the most effective one as density of different materials can vary significantly. By using the three methods together, it is believed that net weight of trains can be minimized, thus minimizing the vibrations.
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