hly specialized thus limited product are offered, the risk they are involved in are hard to avoid, the risks are spillages, contaminations, environmental risks and political risk. There is no barrier to entries posting possibility of stiff competition among other critical factors.
为了对该行业进行案例研究，考虑了一家油田服务公司。该行业涉及钻井、提供石油服务和天然气勘探的公司。这些公司确实会受到影响，如果完成了，不会产生财务风险，但如果存在，则处于低水平，但相反，他们有业务风险。其特点是，这些公司高度专业化，因此提供的产品有限，他们所涉及的风险难以避免，风险包括泄漏、污染、环境风险和政治风险。参赛作品发布不存在任何障碍——在其他关键因素中存在激烈竞争的可能性。
The business risk assessment; the size of the rating would be able to tell if it will be able to withstand the petroleum price that is extremely volatile. In these feeds of operations, the economies of scale matter a lot since for the business with large sizes are not significantly affected by the changing prices. Other factors that are used include; operating efficiency which involves the cost of operation and the influence due to the ever-changing prices, capital intensity, sovereign governance, and the corporate governance. Other important factors considered are contractual position, diversification in customers, environmental factors and workforce enterprise (Pinto, 2006).
业务风险评估；评级的大小可以判断它是否能够承受极不稳定的石油价格。在这些业务中，规模经济非常重要，因为对于规模较大的企业来说，价格变化不会对其产生重大影响。使用的其他因素包括：；运营效率涉及运营成本以及价格、资本密集度、主权治理和公司治理的不断变化所带来的影响。考虑的其他重要因素包括合同地位、客户多元化、环境因素和劳动力企业。
In the rating, the financial and the business risk are blended to come up with the best rating. In most case, in such an industry the business risks are more than the financial risk. However, at some low level of rating the financial risk take precedence to environmental factors.
在评级中，金融风险和商业风险相结合，得出最佳评级。在大多数情况下，在这样一个行业中，商业风险大于金融风险。然而，在一些较低的评级水平上，金融风险优先于环境因素。
The position in the market 市场地位
Market position in most cases may override if the business that operates in highly competitive environment which happen when assessing the industry. The critical factors to be considered include, the ability to influence or maintains prices in the market, for the sake of customers who are key and the products are diversified, in case there is competitiveness in the market and above all to what the business market share (Pinto, 2006).
如果企业在高度竞争的环境中运营，在大多数情况下，市场地位可能会凌驾于评估行业时发生的情况。要考虑的关键因素包括，在市场上有竞争力的情况下，为了关键客户和产品的多样化，影响或维持市场价格的能力，最重要的是商业市场份额。
Taking business size into consideration only is only helpful in rating if the size has an influence on the cash flow regarding cost, operation efficiency, and the economies of scale which mainly experienced in oil industry explained above. Market position is, therefore, important in gauging the ability to cope with changes or disruption factor influencing its existence. If a business is a dominant business in a particular environment, it means that the firm can easily carry its operations but still manage to pay its debts obligations within time. This is because such business has a broad customer base so they can have good returns within a short period. Assessing based finance would give high results result.
如果企业规模对成本、运营效率和规模经济等方面的现金流有影响，那么仅考虑企业规模才有助于评级，这主要是在上述石油行业中经历的。因此，市场地位在衡量应对影响其存在的变化或破坏因素的能力方面很重要。如果一家企业在特定环境中占主导地位，这意味着该公司可以轻松开展业务，但仍能在一定时间内偿还债务。这是因为此类企业拥有广泛的客户群，因此可以在短时间内获得良好的回报。以评估为基础的融资将产生高结果。
Business management 业务管理
The way business is managed greatly determines the creditworthiness. The analyst would consider the management skills in their ratings. Excellent managerial skills to business have many benefits to the success of the firm. However, in rating management, it is evaluated in more comprehensive perspective more than just operational success. The tolerance is a critical determinant. Tolerance in business manage is the ability to sustain the business running despite other factors that may hinder smooth business operation. Factors that would rate the company include maintaining market positions with a well-established management’s track record, the long-term financial performance of the venture, having established efficient operating system form the basis of qualitative analysis if the rating.
企业的管理方式在很
