an be defined as the set of metrics used to quantify both the efficiency and effectiveness of actions. One of the most important elements of a Supplier Performance Measurement System (SPMS) are the Critical Success Factors (CSF’s) and Key Performance Indicators (KPI’S).
绩效衡量的字面意思是“量化行动的过程”，其中衡量是量化和与企业绩效相关的行动的过程。根据理论，组织通过以比竞争对手更高的效率和效力满足客户来实现其目标，即他们的绩效。绩效衡量系统可以定义为用于量化行动的效率和有效性的一组度量。供应商绩效衡量系统最重要的要素之一是关键成功因素和关键绩效指标。
The CSF approach helps managers to determine those factors, which requires management attention. The process also forces managers to develop good measures for those factors and to seek reports on each of the measures. The identification of Critical success factors allows a clear definition of the amount of information that must be collected by the organization and limits the costly collection of more data than necessary.
CSF方法有助于管理者确定这些因素，这需要管理层的关注。这一过程还迫使管理人员针对这些因素制定良好的衡量标准，并寻求关于每一项衡量标准的报告。关键成功因素的识别可以明确定义组织必须收集的信息量，并限制收集超过必要数据的成本。
KPI’s represent a particular value or characteristic that is measured to assess whether an organization’s goals are being achieved. They reflect the critical success factors, stakeholder requirements, and the expectations of the organization. Carefully selected KPI’s to identify precisely where to take action to improve performance. There are many different types of KPI’s depending how they are used and what they are meant to example, Strategic or operational, drivers, Qualitative, quantitative, Effectiveness, efficiency, etc
KPI代表一种特定的价值或特征，用于评估组织的目标是否正在实现。它们反映了关键的成功因素、利益相关者的要求和组织的期望。仔细选择KPI，以准确确定在哪里采取措施来提高绩效。KPI有许多不同类型，这取决于它们的使用方式和意义。例如，战略或运营、驱动因素、定性、定量、有效性、效率等
An effective performance measurement process requires consideration of two key issues: performance measurement system and performance indicators. The following describes the functions of a performance measurement:
有效的业绩衡量过程需要考虑两个关键问题：业绩衡量系统和业绩指标。以下内容描述了性能测量的功能：
To monitor: measuring actual performance.监控：测量实际性能。
To control: identify and attempt to reduce the difference between the planned and actual performance.控制：识别并尝试减少计划绩效和实际绩效之间的差异。
To Improve: identifying opportunities for improving the current situation.改善：确定改善现状的机会。
To coordinate: providing information for decision making and facilitating internal and external communication.协调：为决策提供信息，促进内部和外部沟通。
To motivate: encourage continuous improvement of workplace behavior.激励：鼓励持续改进工作场所行为。
An effective selection process with the use of the right performance criteria can reduce or prevent problems in the evaluation phase. Supplier development strategies are required to have a drive for continuous improvement of suppliers. An efficient supplier assessment is necessary for the evaluation process and continuous improvement of the capabilities of the suppliers.
使用正确的绩效标准进行有效的选择过程可以减少或防止评估阶段出现问题。供应商发展战略需要有持续改进供应商的动力。有效的供应商评估对于评估过程和供应商能力的持续改进是必要的。
The research concludes that soft targets like ”commitment to a buyer” have a greater impact on performance than hard measureable criteria. Also, the willingness of the supplier to share information and to cooperate has a significant impact on performance, but is yet considered to be less important.
研究得出结论，与硬性衡量标准相比，“对买家的承诺”等软目标对业绩的影响更大。此外，供应商分享信息和合作的意愿对绩效有重大影响，但仍被认为不那么重要。
The focus in the supplier selection process is shifting from the traditional hard and quantifiably performance aspects towards the softer and more qualitative aspects in the supplier buyer relationship.
供应商选择过程的重点正在从传统的硬性和可量化的绩效方面转向供需关系中更软、更定性的方面。
The Characteristics of a good Performance Measurement system are:良好的绩效衡量系统的特点是
Delivery and Service Quality: Service level, On-time delivery, Correct quantity, Quality 交付和服务质量：服务水平，准时交付，数量正确，质量
Responsiveness: Willingness to change products, services to meet your changing needs, Quick response time in case of emergency, problem, or special request, Willingness to participate in new product development, The flexibility to respond to unexpected demand changes 响应能力：愿意改变产品、服务以满足您不断变化的需求，在紧急情况、问题或特殊要求下快速响应，愿意参与新产品开发，灵活应对意外需求变化
Information Sharing: Use of electronic
