International Studies Paper写作格式-开发是否过时？发展对南半球的重要性。本文是一篇留学生国际研究专业的paper写作范文，主要内容是讲述发展和援助被认为是失败的，人们已经准备好寻求可行的解决方案。发展是不可能的吗？本篇paper讨论了发展的必要性，因为许多南半球人们仍然依赖他们所能得到的一切帮助。通过使系统透明并简化援助管理，以消除援助分散现象，可以克服发展的各种行为者及其阻碍发展的缺点。为了使援助有效，必须从系统中消除结构性缺陷，必须改变系统的组成，在规划方法时还必须考虑到其他不可预见的情况，如灾难。正如口号“全球思考，地方行动”所表达的那样，援助行为体必须在基层一级努力实现发展成功。具体内容请参阅以下paper范文的具体内容。
Development and aid are perceived as a failure and people are ready to move on to a workable solution. Is development not possible? This paper discusses the need for development as many global south people are still depending on all the help they can get. The various actors of development and their shortcomings that hinder the development can be overcome by making the system transparent and making aid management simplified in order to eliminate aid fragmentation. To make aid effective, the structural flaws must be eliminated from the system, the composition of the system must be changed and the other unforeseen situations like disaster must also be taken into account while planning the approach. As expressed in the slogan, “Think globally, act locally”, the aid actors must work on the grass-root level to achieve success in development.
Keywords: Development, Global south, Aid fragmentation 关键词：发展、南半球、援助分散
The development has mostly been associated with economic development (Haslam, Schafer, & Beaudet, 2016). Based on the economy, different labels were given for the countries, with which various development frameworks and policies were formed. But, the problems in defining or measuring development are, “the need to distinguish between the levels of industrialization, the need to consider different segments of the population, the need to look specifically at poverty, and the need to consider development as an “ideal” or aspiration for betterment.”(Haslam et al., 2016). Based on the evolution of the society, the development methods and frameworks evolved as shown clearly in the timeline (Figure 1, 2). This paper discusses, whether the development frameworks function as intended and is there a need for development still in this 21st century?
该发展主要与经济发展相关。根据经济情况，对形成各种发展框架和政策的国家给予了不同的标签。但是，定义或衡量发展的问题是，“需要区分工业化水平，需要考虑人口的不同部分，需要特别关注贫困问题，需要将发展视为一种“理想”或改善愿望。”基于社会的演变，发展方法和框架的演变如时间线所示（图1、2）。本文讨论了发展框架是否按预期发挥作用，以及在21世纪是否仍然需要发展？
The Need for Development 发展的需要
Development is required for the global south people at least until they become self-sustainable. As these people are helpless because of poverty, various issues linger with them such as malnutrition, illiteracy, poor sanitation, etc. Noble Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen defines development as freedom (Haslam et al., 2016). When people are independent to look after themselves that is when development is accomplished. Although various frameworks and theories fail to prove that it’s a success, the need for development and aid still persists. This is because development is seen as the economic growth of the country. “While economic growth is clearly important, it does not always reduce poverty. Consider, for example, that 15 years of impressive economic growth in Africa has had only a small effect on poverty rates and a little under half of all Africans still live below a $1.25 a day poverty line.”(Briggs, 2018). There are also problems in the distribution of aid due to aid fragmentation, politics and “the lack of change and improvement despite growing investment.”(Ramalingam, 2013). This clearly leads to the reality of the criticism by Peter Bauer, “…foreign aid is a process by which poor people in rich countries help rich people in poor countries”(Bauer, 1972). So, the need for development persists, but it is not just by increasing the economic growth of the country, but by actually working in areas that require a helping hand.
至少在南半球人民实现自我可持续发展之前，他们需要发展。由于这些人因贫困而束手无策，各种问题一直困扰着他们，如营养不良、文盲、卫生条件差等。诺贝尔经济学奖得主阿马蒂亚·森将发展定义为自由。当人们独立照顾自己时，发展就完成了。尽管各种框架和理论未能证明这是成功的，但发展和援助的需求仍然存在。这是因为发展被视为国家的经济增长。“虽然经济增长显然很重要，但它并不总是减少贫困。例如，考虑一下，15年来非洲令人印象深刻的经济增长对贫困率的影响很
