1.2 Overview of English Translations and Studies of Zhuangzi
As a masterpiece in our classics, Zhuangzi has received muchattention from both foreign and domestic translators. The translationof Zhuangzi enjoys a long history. The earliest translation ofZhuangzi was made in 1881 by Frederic Henry Balfour who had TheDivine Classic of Nan-Hua translated and published in Shanghai andHong Kong. About the quality of the first version, Giles and Leggemaintained that Balfour's Chinese competency was limited so theversion was not trustworthy. The translating of Zhuangzi has beenpopular in our country. In the following chapter, the thesis willconduct an introduction in detail.
Chapter 2 Translator's Subjectivity in the Cultural Approach
The importance of translators has been found in "cultural turn".Translators play an important role in the process of translation with nodoubt. In the meanwhile，translator's subjectivity brought up threeschools which provided novel scope for researchers in future.
2.1 Translator's Subjectivity
Translator and his subjectivity have been discovered in the "culturalturn". What have been discussed heatedly concentrate on the culturalidentity and the major role of translator ；Moreover, research subjects ashis subjectivity of cultural and aesthetic proclivity has become important(王宁 & 孙艺风，2008:66). Standing in the center of the wholetranslation process, translator always plays his subjectivity in thisdecision-making activity. Definition of Translator's SubjectivityBeing in a vital position, the translator certainly exerts the mostactive role in this practice translation with full creation (杨武能,1987:9-12). Scholars such as Xu Jun, Zha Mingjian, Tian Yu, Gaoin Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame:Translation is, of course, a rewriting of an original text. All rewritings,whatever their purposes, have manifested a certain ideology and a poeticsand as such manipulate literature to work in a given society in a givenway....New concepts, new genres, new devices are introduced in rewritings.The history of translation is also the history of literary innovation, of theshaping power of one culture upon another... (Lefevere, 2004: vii)Whatthe translator has added or deleted is necessary to know as well as whichwords he has selected, and how he has arranged them. His history and thesocio-political environment surrounded him are reflected in every singledecision of the translator. Under the influence of culture and languagedifferences, translator's manipulation and rewriting would result inmistranslations. Translator is an active subject who plays an importantrole to choose the SLT rather than the passive servant of the author.However, translation techniques, language form with constraints areaffected by many factors.2.2 Three Aspects of Translator's subjectivityTranslators are behavioral agents in the process of having culturalfactors in the source language approved by the target language culture.Translators are the measurer of all factors in the generation process of atranslation. Hence, translators have great influences over culturaltranslation strategies. The contents covered by the translator's subjectivityare expounded in detail in the following three aspects.
Chapter 3 English TYanslation of the Key Cultural Word .......................................... 433.1 General Introduction to "Dao".......................................... 43
3.1.1 The Origin of "Dao".......................................... 46
3.1.2 Discussion of "Dao" in Zhuangzi.......................................... 47
3.2 Eng
