摘要
“遁世作家”和“文学隐士”JD.塞林格以自己首部也是唯一一部长篇小说《麦田里的守望者》而享誉世界文坛，并且该作品自发表被一度列为禁书，之后却成为世界经典且经久不衰，塞林格也凭借此小说成为美国“被阅读得最多的经典作家”，这在世界文学史上实为鲜见。《麦田里的守望者》采用第一人称以一个青少年的口吻描述了二战后资本主义世界的种种丑恶与彷徨，在广大读者尤其是青少年中引起强烈共鸣。本文以象征主义理论为指导，按照纵向关系将小说中的象征符号进行了类别划分，较为全面和系统的挖掘小说中的各种象征性内容，论述了象征主义是如何为凸显作品主题和刻画人物性格特征服务的。
第一章探讨小说中的象征性意象。小说中大到故事背景与自然环境，小到人物外表与相貌穿戴，无处不体现出浓重的象征主义色彩：潘西中学所象征的主流社会文化与纽约所象征的亚主流文化，使霍尔顿在两种环境中倍感窒息和走投无路，塑造其反常和极端的性格；小说中的麦田，悬崖，霍尔顿的猎人帽和灰头发，种种表象都折射出作品所包涵的主题和人物的性格特征。
第二章分析小说中的象征性人物与活动。小说中的人物形象可以概括为正面和反面两种。例如霍尔顿的两个女朋友萨丽和琴分别象征世俗与柏拉图式的爱情。另外，斯特拉德莱塔，妓女孙妮和妹妹菲比，弟弟艾里则是美好与丑陋的代言人。而小说中出现的一些人物活动同样具有鲜明的象征意义。
第三章从色彩角度论述作品的象征意义。小说中以红白黑蓝粉等各种颜色呈现出的一系列事物在特定的语言环境和文化中体现出不同的象征内涵。例如白色所象征的纯真美好，黑色所象征的邪恶恐怖。作家赋予了这些色彩以深刻的象征意义，以突显主题。
Abstract
As a reclusive writer and literature hermit, J.D. Salinger enjoys a high prestige in the world with his first and only novel The Catcher in the Rye. This novel was listed as banned book and later became a world--- enduring classic，and Salinger is regarded as a classical writer whose works are most widely read by Americans. It is really unusual in the history of the world literature. The Catcher in the Rye describes the ugliness and loss of the capitalist world after World War II in the third person and a youth’s tone, which has aroused great empathy among readers especially teenagers. Based on the theory of symbolism, the thesis defines various symbols in this novel in the light of longitudinal relations, excavates miscellaneous symbolic contents in the novel roundly and systemically, and discusses how symbolism serves to highlight the theme of works and depict the characteristics of characters.
The first chapter explores the symbolic imagery in the novel. Symbolism is strongly reflected in this novel, ranging from story background and natural environment to appearance and clothing of characters. Pencey Prep and New York, which respectively symbolize the mainstream social culture and hypo-stream social culture, left Holden in choke and desperation, thus molding his unusual and extreme characters. The objects in the novel such as rye, cliff, Holden’s hunting hat and his grey hair refract the themes and characters features of the novel.
The second chapter analyzes symbolic characters and their activities. The figures in this novel can be clarified into positive and negative, for example, Holden’s girlfriends Sally and Jane represent profane and platonic loves; Stradlater, Sunny and Allie, Phoebe are spokesmen of goodliness and ugliness. Besides, some figures’behaviors also have distinct symbolic meanings.
The third chapter discovers symbolism in the works from the perspective of colors. Different colors referred to in this novel including red, white, black, blue, pink and so on contain various symbolic connotations under specific language environment and culture. For instance, white stands for purity and goodness; black represents evil and fear. The writer presents deep symbolic meanings with these colors to feature the theme of this novel.
Abstract 2
摘要 4
Introduction 5
A. Research background 5
B. Literature review 6
Chapter One Symoblic imagery in the novel 15
A. Symbolic meanings of settings and environment 15
B. Symbolic meanings of natural sceneries 15
C. Symbolic meanings of objects 22
Chapter Two Symbolic characters in the novel 29
A. Sally and Jane 29
B. Stradlater, Sunny and Allie, Castle 31
C. Holden 34
Chapter Three Symbolic colors in the novel 36
A. Symbolic meanings of red 36
B. Symbolic meanings of white and black 38
C. Symbolic meanings of blue and other colors 39
Conclusion 42
Notes 45
Bibliography 47
Acknowledgments 50
Introduction
A. Research Background
After the Second World War, the United States accumulated a lot of material wealth, and people's living standards increased quickly. However, as a result of the U.S. Government’s Truman Doctrine and McCarthyism, it showed its strength to other countries and conducted high pressure policy to its people. In the
