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加纳可可产业出口竞争力评价分析——西非八国数据比较

日期:2022年01月10日 编辑:ad201107111759308692 作者:无忧论文网 点击次数:1319
论文价格:300元/篇 论文编号:lw202112311149361085 论文字数:43222 所属栏目:区域经济论文
论文地区:中国 论文语种:English 论文用途:硕士毕业论文 Master Thesis
相关标签:区域经济论文

本文是一篇区域经济论文,该研究主要分析了加纳可可业在西非的出口竞争力。该研究对西非八个可可生产国在生产和出口方面的表现进行了比较分析。此外,该研究还计算了加纳、科特迪瓦、喀麦隆、尼日利亚、塞拉利昂、利比里亚、几内亚和多哥的显示比较优势(RCA)和显示对称比较优势(RSCA),以确定它们在可可出口方面的比较优势。

CHAPTER ONE (1) INTRODUCTION


1.1 Background

Globally, agriculture remains the backbone of countries‟ economy which determines the  sustenance  of  man  on  earth.  More  than  33.33%  of  the  world‟s  populations  are employed  in  agriculture,  and  almost  38%  of  the  world‟s  land  surface  is  used  for agriculture (1).

In Africa, agriculture is the main driver of the socio-economic development of most countries since the industrial subsector is not well developed. Agricultural growth in Africa has been above 3.5% and employs approximately 60% of the labor force (2). This implies  that  about  two-thirds  of  the  population  in  Africa  earns  a  living  through agriculture. No wonder the World Development Report 2008, calls for „the Agriculture for  Development  Agenda”,  with  emphasis  on  the  significance  of  farming  in  the progression of societies, particularly those of the developing world (3). It is estimated that by the year 2030, agriculture and its related activities will record approximately a trillion US dollars.   Agricultural activities remain the sector with the largest share of African countries Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contributing almost 45% of GDP (4). However,  despite  the  strong  role  of  agriculture  in  the  growth  and  advancement  of Africa,  the  African  agriculture  portion  is  low  yield,  with  a  resultant  effect  of  food insecurity. Most African countries‟ food imports thus exceed their food exports if any at all(5).

Ghana since 2005, succeeded as the first African country to realize the Millennium Development  Goal  one  (1)  of  exterminating  life-threatening  poverty  and  starvation largely  through  agriculture(6)  “Agriculture  has  driven  Ghana‟s  economic  growth  in recent years and remains the primary way Ghanaians earn their living, especially the poorest”(6) Agricultural  productions  in  the  1990s  witnessed  an  insignificant  1.9% growth. The early 2000s, however, saw a rise in growth of almost 6%(7) . This growth, however, could not be sustained; the 2007 year witnessed nearly -2% growths.   2008, and 2009 years saw a rise in growth to about 7.4%, 7.2%, respectively. The growth of the sector since 2010, has taken a downward fluctuating trend. From 5.3% in 2011, to as low as 0.8% in 2012, and a 2.6% growth in 2013. This is exceedingly intermittent (7) Ghana‟s agricultural sector although erratic currently contributes about 35% of GDP, largely driven by the cocoa sub-sector. Nearly 69.9% of the world production of cocoa comes  from  West  Africa  (1) West  Africa  alone  in  the  year  2017,  contributed  about 4,099,568 tons of cocoa out of total world production of 5,201,108 tons led by Cote d‟Ivoire with 38% and Ghana with 17%(1) Cocoa is a strong driver of the economies of the leading producers of the product in the world, particularly those countries in West African. The cultivation of the crop does not only provide jobs for smallholder farmers, processors, traders, and transporters, it is also the primary way through which about 11 million  farmers  and  workers  operating  in  the  industry  in  Africa  earn  revenue.  T