gained by a more elastic and effective way of organizing global production. This notion is termed as organizational fix and must differentiate from the idea of spatial fix. if a firm was to reorganize its production network it would not necessarily mean spatial relocation. Rather that, an organizational fix derives mainly from choosing different business strategies. For example, outsourcing is an organizational fix in which international lead corporations are capable to augment their production suppleness without the responsibility of owing production or service facilities. These organizational fixes tend to make production networks more globally oriented and integrated, and sophisticated networks led by lead firms emerge. Depending on low cost production areas though does not fully addresses the problem of competitive dynamics in today’s global economy. Capitalist dynamics have driven firms to find new competitive advantages throughout improvements on their transportation and communication systems and technologies, a phenomenon labeled as time-space compression. (Yeung, 2007).
有三种竞争动力促使领先企业变得更加全球化。这些是成本、灵活性和速度。由于这些竞争压力，资本实施了一种空间固定，包括在不同地区的撤资和投资。高成本地区正在经历去工业化的过程，而低成本地区则是在新的国际分工兴起的帮助下进行新投资的目标。这种空间修复暂时缓解了全球公司的成本问题，但并不能为克服竞争提供长期解决方案，其他两种动力——灵活性和速度——可能更重要。领先的公司已经开始明白，通过更具弹性和有效的方式组织全球生产可以获得竞争优势。这个概念被称为组织固定，必须与空间固定的概念区分开来。如果一家公司要重组其生产网络，就不一定意味着空间迁移。相反，组织修复主要来自于选择不同的业务策略。例如，外包是一种组织固定方式，国际领先公司能够提高其生产灵活性，而无需承担欠下生产或服务设施的责任。这些组织修复往往会使生产网络更加面向全球和一体化，并出现由领先公司领导的复杂网络。然而，依赖低成本生产领域并不能完全解决当今全球经济中的竞争动态问题。资本主义的动态促使企业在运输、通信系统和技术的改进中寻找新的竞争优势，这种现象被称为时空压缩。
Capitalist dynamics are the reason of existence of global production networks, encouraging actor-specific strategies in various economies. Three essential dynamic forces are being identified in the form of honing cost-capability ratios, maintaining market development and operating with the financial disciple. Used in various compounds, these dynamic forces are the essential etiological conditions to clarify actor-specific strategies that shape these networks, which in turn create various experiential outcomes. These are the autonomous variables that help to understand why global production networks are arranged and ruled in specific ways, with various aftereffects in industrial alteration and territorial growth. Due to continuous antagonistic pressures in advanced economies for cheaper goods and services in final markets, many frontrunner vertical integrated firms had to reassess their cost structures. The reconfiguration of cost structures was considered in both indirect and direct cost. Indirect costs are associated with finance, such as transaction costs with suppliers or customers or investing in know-how while direct costs are associated with production, such as wages or material inputs. Wages in particular, became the most common area of optimization. The shift of production to global location with lower labor costs, with the use of subsidiaries or subcontracting, was an innovating method of locational opportunity for vertical integrated corporations in developed industrial economies. Though, this emphasis on cost as the main force of global production, circumvents an important aspect, the firm’s capabilities. Therefore, focusing on cost alone does not produce enough analysis to define the corporation as the key actor within a network. Capabilities must get consideration alongside cost for a complete and actor-oriented notion of the firm to take shape. (Yeung, 2015)
资本主义的动态是全球生产网络存在的原因，鼓励各种经济体采取特定于行动者的战略。三种基本的动力正在被确定为磨练成本能力比、维持市场发展和与金融弟子合作。在各种化合物中使用，这些动态力是阐明塑造这些网络的行动者特定策略的基本病因条件，这些策略反过来又创造了各种经验结果。这些是自主变量，有助于理解为什么全球生产网络以特定的方式排列和统治，并在工业变革和领土增长中产生各种后果。由于发达经济体在最终市场上对更便宜的商品和服务的持续敌对压力，许多领先的垂直整合公司不得不重新评估其成本结构。成本结构的重组既考虑了间接成本，也考虑了直接成本。间接成本与财务有关，如与供应商或客户的交易成本或对专业知识的投资，而直接成本与生产有关，如工资或材料投入。尤其是工资，成为最常见的优化领域。通过使用子公司或分包，将生产转移到劳动力成本较低的全球地点，这是发达工业经济体垂直一体化公司的一种创新的选址机会方法。尽管如此，这种对成本作为全球生产主力的强调，却回避了一个重要方面，即公司的能力。因此，仅仅关注成本并不能产生足够的分析来将公司定义为网络中的关键参与者。能力必须与成本一起考虑，才能形成一个完整的、以行动者为导向的公司概念。
The meaning of capital can take
