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how to write report?REPORT WRITING ( for my Module only)

日期:2018年01月15日 编辑:ad201011041017385627 作者:无忧论文网 点击次数:1025
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how to write report?REPORT WRITING REPORT WRITING ( for my Module only)
At various stages during the course of this academic year you will need to write reports on
experimental work, assignment and project. These notes are intended to help you in planning and
writing such reports.
The objective of writing a report is to convey information to the reader. In the case of a
laboratory report, the reader will be a laboratory demonstrator, although your reports also serve as
a personal record of your experimental work. The demonstrator will read your report in order to
assess your understanding of the theoretical background to the experiment, your competence in
carrying it out and the accuracy of your results and conclusions. She/He is, incidentally, also
required to assess your competence in report writing. Before attempting to write a report, you
should be clear about its terms of reference, i.e. its objectives and its limits. If these are not
provided, they should be requested.
The main people that will read your report are the demonstrators who will mark it.
However, when writing your report, you should aim it at people that have not done this
experiment and are really interested to see what results you have obtained. Imagine you write the
report to help Year 0 students learn more about Year 1 experiments. Therefore, your report should
be clear, straightforward and you should not omit important data/information
Sources of information
The primary source of information for an experiment or assignment will normally be the
script itself. The reader may be assumed to have a copy of the script, and you will not need to
reproduce any part of it or include it in your report. You may refer to the script as a reference.
Also, during your study of the experiment, you may need to consult other references such as
textbooks, research papers, magazine articles, data sheets and lecture notes. Well-established
conventions exist for such references, which you are recommended to follow. If you were
publishing your report in a scientific journal, adherence to these conventions would be mandatory.
Use of References
You may refer to references in many different ways. Some examples are given below:
i) Direct quote:
e.g. Gibson states: “Electronic circuits, no matter how large or sophisticated, are of
no use by themselves”.
ii) Indirect quote:
e.g. It was stated by Gibson that electronic circuits . . .
iii) Summary of a publication, or part of a publication
e.g. Cheetham and Hughes give a technique for designing digital filters suitable for
microprocessor implementation.
iv) Reference to information (e.g. a diagram) or instructions:
e.g. (a) The transistor bistable circuit given in Figure 3 of the script was
constructed and tested.
(b) The circuit uses an Intel ‘8212’ integrated circuit connected as an 8-bit
tri-state buffer as described in the data sheet.
References should be listed in a separate section at the end of the report, in the following
form:
REFERENCES
1. Gibson J.R. “Electronic Logic Circuits”, Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.,
1979, p. 90.
2. Cheetham B.M.G. and Hughes P.M., “Digital Filter Design” (Part II), Wireless World, June
1982, pp 43 - 46.
3. Experiment No. 33, “Two state (logic) transistor circuits”, University of Liverpool,
Laboratory Script.
4. Data sheet on the Intel ‘8212’ 8-bit input/output port, Intel Corporation, 1979.
The structure of a Report
The structure of a report is determined by its components and their interrelationships. An
experimental report will normally contain the following sections:
1. Title page - the report cover giving the title of the experiment, the data on which it was
performed and the author’s name.
2. Summary (or abstract) - a short section of between 50 and 300 words which must be
capable of being read and understood independently of the rest of the report. This section
should briefly summarise (a) the purpose and scope of the experiment, (b) the experimental
procedures that were carried out, and (c) the main conclusions. This section is possibly the
most