摘要
学前儿童英语教育活动的兴起与“英语热”有密切关系,而“英语热”或“双语热”的产生又有着深刻的社会背景。在当今全球信息化的时代背景下,随着国际间交流与合作的不断增进和加深,如全球经济一体化,“地球村”和“地球人”概念的提出,英语逐渐成为现代人必备的交流工具,也成为现代人自我发展的基本条件之一。自中国加入WTO以及申奥成功后,中国人学习英语的热情不断高涨。我国现已将开设英语课的起始年级提前到小学三年级,一些有条条件的地区已经从小学一年级就开设英语课,这种低龄化的趋势不仅波及到小学,同时也在幼儿园产生了广泛的影响。
现阶段,社会各界对“幼儿英语教育是否适合,可否全面开展”这一问题仍存在争议,但我国各大中小城市的幼儿园都已普遍开设英语课程却是不争的事实。本文的研究重点不设定在是否对幼儿开展英语教育的问题上,而是通过对海口市幼儿园幼儿英语教育现状的客观描述,调查和分析海口市幼儿英语教育的目标、实施途径和内容,以及语言环境的相关情况;以我市幼儿园为例,在了解我市幼儿英语教育现状的基础上,重点研究幼儿园的英语教育途径与方法,从发展心理学的角度分析其英语教育方法是否遵循幼儿身心发展规律,主要以皮亚杰认知建构理论和认知发展理论、第二语言习得与学习等心理学理论为理论基础,研究如何充分利用幼儿语言学习的优势,对幼儿第二语言学习采取恰当的教学,让幼儿产生对第二语言学习的兴趣,建立对第二语言的敏感,从而促进儿童语言整体能力(母语和英语)的发展和综合素质的提高。
Abstract
Preschool English education for children is closely connected with “English Learning-rush”, and the rush of English learning or bilingual learning is deeply affected by the social development. Basing on the coming era of global informationization and increase of communication and cooperation between countries, such as concepts of united global economy, “Country Earth” and “Earth People” which are generally put forward, the English language has gradually became an essential tool of communication for people, in addition, it also became one of basic conditions for people to develop themselves. Since China has became a member of WTO and successfully got an admission to run Olympic Game, Chinese people have been getting higher passion of studying English. The Chinese government has opened English classes for primary school with starting at Grade three in advance, but some areas with good conditions have already started at Grade one. Therefore this kind of trend of English study happened on young children are gradually expanded into kindergarten.
Nowadays however many people argue if it is suitable for preschool children to study English and continues to develop it broadly in the future. This paper will not focus to discuss the advantage and disadvantage about open English class for preschool children, but rather base on objectively illustrating current situation of English education for children in Haikou kindergarten, and do a research and analysis of its own target, way of implementing, content and condition of opening English class for children. The point to concentrate is to research the methods of doing English education for preschool children in kindergarten with standing on the spot of development psychology to discuss if the earlier English education could be reasonable for children’s body and mind developing. The theory background will principally rest on Jean Piaget’s “Genetic Epistemology” concept, theory of cognitive development and the learning of second language. The purpose is to study how to teach children to study second language in an appropriate way by utilizing the advantage of preschool children learning second language. As a result it will help them 本毕业论文由无忧论文网www.51lunwen.org整理提供improve themselves’ ability to study bilingual.
第一章:前言
1.选题的依据及意义
1.1 选题意义:
学龄前儿童正处于语言学习的关键期,特别是处在语音发展的敏感期,其语言模仿能力也较强,这成为我国当前学龄前儿童教育的一个“热点”。有些家庭和幼儿园已经开始了初步的探索,有的幼儿园还明确提出以双语教育作为他们的办园特色。但是学前儿童英语教育在我国只能算是刚刚起步,目前还没有形成系统的教育理论体系,理论研究的滞后于教育现状的迅猛发展存在明显反差,而国外的理论大多起源于移民国家、前殖民地国家或双语国家,尽管他们经理了几十年的实践,既积累了丰富的实践经验,也形成了丰硕的成果,但是这些国家与我国作为“单语国家”的发展情况有较大差别,我们必须立足于本国的国情,研究中国学前儿童英语第二语言教学策略,探讨如何充分利用幼儿语言学习的优势,对幼儿第二语言学习采取恰当的指导,让幼儿产生对第二语言学习的兴趣,建立对第二语言的敏感,从而促进儿童语言整体能力(母语和英语)的发展和综合素质的提高,才能对当前以及今后的教育实践起到真正的指导作用,有助于学前儿童英语教育工作科学规范地发展。
1.2 理论依据:
1.2.1 对学前儿童英语教育可行性问题的探讨(表示赞成的观点)
外语学习对幼儿语言、认知和社会性发展具有正向功能。Anastasi和Dc Jesus,Imedadze,Vygotsky,W.Lambert,Colin Baker,日本心理学家米治角田等人均进行研究并得出此结论。
1.2.2 大脑的“可塑性”理论:
著名的教育学家乔姆斯荃指出:从生理学的角度分析, 学前期儿童能迅速而熟练地学会第二语言的现象, 可以通过童年时期大脑发育的“可塑性”予以解释。从解剖学的角度观察, 对10岁前后的患病童施行大脑部分剥离手术表明, 10岁前的儿童仍能恢复其第一语言的能力,但10岁以后的患者则形成了语言的缺陷,和成人康复的缓慢情况无异[2]。
1.2.3 关键期理论
关键期理论以1967年伦内伯格发表的重要著作“语言的生物学基础”为代表。把儿童的语言发展看成是受发音器官和神经机能制约的自然成熟过程。当和语言有关的生理机能成熟到一定状态时,只要受到适当外界条件的激活,就能使潜在的与语言有关的生理机能转变为实际的语言能力。在儿童发育期间,语言能力开始是由大脑右半球支配,以后逐渐从右半球转到左半球,最后才形成左半球的语言优势。而左侧化过程发生在2—12岁之间,并强调这是儿童语本毕业论文由无忧论文网www.51lunwen.org整理提供言发展的关键期。他强调人的语言发展(母语和二语)的关键期非常重要,