研究过程可以被描述为“一个系统的设计，收集，分析和报告的数据和相关的一个具体的营销情况”。它通常涉及六个阶段，连续重叠，其功能是相互关联的。
在研究过程中的阶段如图所示：
在项目中，同时进行数据采集和数据录入。所有问卷的收集是在一二周的基础上完成的。在等待其他填写问卷，数据录入已收集的进行。
The research process can be described as "a systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation facing the company" (Kotler, 1994). It usually involves six stages which overlap continuously with their functions being interconnected.
The stages in the research process are as shown in the diagram:
In project, the data collection and data inputting were done simultaneously. The collection of all the questionnaires was done on a two weeks basis. In the wait for the other filled questionnaires, data entry for those already collected was conducted.
Defining the problem
Problem definition
Problem definition increases the possibility of gathering necessary and relevant information by setting clear research objectives, purposes, direction and plan.
An effective performance of its human resources will make sure that Rogers Aviation carries out its assigned missions more productively. However, informal meetings with a few employees were likely to show that they might have unfavorable opinion towards the present PMS. Performance management influences employees' performances, which in turns influences the performance of the company. Though only a few staff had such attitudes towards the system, it becomes imperative to find out what the majority of employees think about it. An assessment of the staff's perception about the system is therefore essential in order to check whether it indeed necessitates some amendments.
Establishing the research objectives
The objectives of this research are:
To get the employees' viewpoints about the PMS and to know how they perceive it
To examine the degree of satisfaction of employees with the actual PMS
To examine whether the actual PMS increases commitment of employees towards the organization
To find out whether the appraisal helps or hinders career development of employees in the company.
To find out possible ways of improving the present system
Establishing research hypothesis to verify
The hypotheses for this study are:
The actual PAS at Rogers Aviation increases commitment of employees.
Unbiased appraisers increase the level of trust between them and their subordinates.
Recognition and fair compensations increase the level of fairness of appraisals.
Performance management helps career development of employees at Rogers Aviation.
Men and women employees find their appraisers to be equally familiar with the quality of their performances.
Planning a research design
The research design is a master plan which identifies techniques and steps for gathering and examining required data. It is a plan that draws the link between the research objectives and what has to be done in the study to achieve these objectives.
The research design can be categorized into two parts;
Exploratory research
Conclusive research
Exploratory research design
The major goal of this research design is to provide insights, understanding and knowledge of the research problem facing the researcher.
onclusive research design
The goal of this research design is to help the researcher in assessing, and determining the most appropriate procedure in a specific situation. It can further be broken into descriptive and causal research. Descriptive research is concerned with the description of something, whereas causal research is concerned with determining the cause and effect relationship. There are two basic descriptive research studies namely cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Cross-sectional design is about gathering information from a subset of population at a single point in time.
In addition, there are mainly two different research paradigms, namely quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research methods produce a mass of numbers that need to be summarized, explained and examined, whereas qualitative data analysis describes and summarizes the mass
