汉语动作动词隐喻理解的具身效应

sp; and  semantic processing  of  language.  According  to  EC,  action-related  language  helps  researchers  to investigate  the  interaction  between  language  comprehension  and  the  motor  system,  in particular  the  role  of  body  in  language  processing,  because  action-related  language  can activate  the  motor  system.  At  a  behavioral  level,  AVs  can  be  responded  more  quickly  than abstract verbs [36] and a matching motor prime has a facilitation on the processing of actions later [9, 17, 34, 35]. On a neurological level, reading AVs individually or in contexts can activate corresponding brain regions . 

2.2.1   Behavioral Studies

In behavioral studies, the embodied effect has been investigated in two paradigms: ACE and motor priming paradigm. 

(1)   Action-sentence Compatibility Effect

ACE refers to the processing advantage of matching response direction and the direction indicated  by  action-related  language  over  the  mismatching  response  direction  and  the direction indicated by action-related language [9]. More concretely, in ACE experiment design, participants  process  the  action-related  language  indicating  a  body  movement  away  from  or toward  their  body  (e.g.,  open/close  the  drawer  or  You/Sam  give  a  pizza  to  Sam/you).  After understanding action-related language, participants are asked to judge whether the processing action-related language is sensible by pressing one from two keys in the vertical direction on a  button  box.  It  has  been  found  that  RTs  are  shorter  in  meaning-action  matching  condition than  that  in  the  mismatching  condition [9].  Theoretically,  IH  can  offer  a  reasonable explanation  for  ACE  in  action-related  language  processing.  On  the  ground  of  IH,  language processing  is  made  up  of  three  steps:  index,  affordance  and  mesh.  Index  means  that  people find a referent in the real world based on language. For example, in the sentences “I give a pizza to Sam”, pizza can be found its referent in the outside world. Secondly, the affordance is  to  match  the  available  functions  of  the  referent  in  the  outside  word.  Finally,  under  the guidance of grammatical rules, readers integrate the objects and persons together by specific actions.  In  a  nutshell,  processing  action-related  language,  language  comprehension  is grounded  in  body  movements  and  experiences,  as  a  result,  when  the  bodily  movement direction  implied  by  action-related  language  matches  the  direction  of  the  participants’ response, RTs is relatively shorter compared with that in the mismatching condition.

3   Methodology .......................... 19

3.1   Participants ............................. 19

3.2   Design .................................... 19

3.3   Materials ..................................... 19

4   Results ......................... 23

4.1   Results of the Test Phase ....................... 23

4.2   Results of the Post-test ..................